Document Type : Original Article
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Article Title [العربیة]
Genetic diversity is one of the key factors for the improvement of many crop plants including sorghum. Fifteen sorghum genotypes were planted in 2012 and 2013 seasons to compare among them for agronomic traits and molecular level. The combined analysis for agronomic traits and yield components showed significant differences among genotypes for all studied traits. The highest mean values of 1000-kernel weight (36.08g) and number of seeds/panicle traits (1315.9) were obtained from Giza-15 genotype. The lowest mean values of 1000-kernel weight (17.07g) and number of seeds/panicle traits (646.9) were obtained from local-162 and El-Kharga genotypes, respectively. Values of correlation analysis indicated that 1000-kernel weight was positive and highly significant correlation with grain weight (0.749). The path analysis showed that 1000-kernel weight had high and positive direct effect on grain weight (0.7102), also number of seeds/panicle had positive direct effect on grain weight (0.1443) but it had negative direct effect through plant height (-0.1876). Genetic diversity of sorghum genotypes detected using of Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) markers. 76 DNA bands were obtained from 12 primers which could detected a percentage of polymorphism ranged from 40 to 100% with an average of 73.36%. The average of polymorphic bands was 4.67 per primer. The dendrogram based on RAPD marker gave three main groups; the first group contains three genotypes, but the second group sub-divided into two sub-clusters, which contain three genotypes each. The third group contains six genotypes. The similarity percent based on agronomical traits was not significantly correlated (r = 0.07961) with the genetic distance based on RAPD markers.
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