Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
48
1-2
2017
02
01
The Impact of Economic Crisis on the Prices of the most Important Agricultural Crops in Egypt
402
410
EN
10.21608/ajas.2017.3876
The research aims to shed light on the impact of economic crisis on the prices of the most important agricultural crops in Egypt the main findings were as follows:
1-It was found that the domestic price of wheat during the first period increased by 56.19 pounds / ton, with an average annual increase of about 6.64%, has been confirmed statistically significant estimated model,. It also shows there is no proof spirits model year estimated time trend in the domestic price of wheat during the second study period. As it turns out that the domestic price of maize during the first period of study increased by 85.17 pounds / ton, with an average annual increase of about 10.4%, it has been confirmed statistically significant estimated model, and show that the domestic price of maize during the second study period, increased by 148.35 pounds / ton, with an average annual increase of about 7.59%, has been confirmed statistically significant estimated model, It turns out that during the first study period, the domestic price of rice by the year 2007 amounted to about 1451 pounds / ton, as the lowest value reached during that period in 2000 approximately 582.6 pounds / ton, with an average of about 875.6 pounds / ton. As it turns out that the domestic price of rice during that period more than a year increased by 67.09 pounds / ton, with an average annual increase of about 7.66%, has been confirmed statistically significant estimated model. As it turns out that the domestic price of rice during the second period more than a year increased by 123.39 pounds / ton, with an average annual increase of about 8.42%, has been confirmed statistically significant estimated model also, The results showed the impact of the economic crisis and the amount on the domestic prices of the most important agricultural crops
A- The impact of the economic crisis on the domestic price of wheat. As it turns out the existence of a positive impact of the economic crisis on the domestic price of wheat.
B- The impact of the economic crisis on the domestic price of maize. As it turns out the existence of a positive impact of the economic crisis on the domestic price of maize.
C– The impact of the economic crisis on the domestic price of Orz.kma show a positive economic crisis on the domestic price of rice.
Prices,Egypt,Agricultural Crops,Economic Crises
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3876.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3876_c59e674e9aeb584aaaa21f7e8de5ca41.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
48
1-2
2017
02
01
The Impact of using Varieties of Agricultural Technology to the most Important Field Crop Production in Assiut Governorate
411
429
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.3877
If we talked about wheat crops, maize and sorghum are important food crops and involved in many important human food industries also enters as food for animals and poultry.
Which requires the study of the importance of applying varieties technology and determine the extent to which they raise efficiency and unity of land and water in the cultivation of the most important field crops in Egypt and the province of Asyut To reach this year's goal was to identify the direction in the time of economic variables for crops under study and measure the impact of the use of modern productive varieties acres crops under study and measure the impact of the cultivation of varieties on the movement of the display function of the crops being considered as evident from the results that the taking of acreage under wheat, maize and sorghum incremental and uncertain statistically destination for both wheat and maize a general trend,
As productivity took acres these crops trend years of incremental and uncertain statistically destination for wheat and uncertain statistically corn and decreasing of sorghum on the level of the province of Asyut, while taking the total production of these crops trend with an incremental, uncertain of statistical destination for both wheat and maize, decreasing sorghum.
When examining the impact of the items on productivity acres crops study shows the results of the study that for wheat cultivar surpassed sixth (1) in terms of cultivated area reaching about 58.8 thousand acres, while the cultivar surpassed BeniSuef (1) in terms of productivity, reaching acre productivity this product was about 20.1 ardebs, and for crop corn became clear superiority of a hybrid breed singles in 2030 in terms of cultivated area reaching about 21.15 thousand acres, also higher than the same class in terms of productivity, reaching acre yield of this product was about 22.3 ardebs, and for crop sorghum turned out superiority of Giza 15 in terms of cultivated area reaching about 33.5 thousand acres, while the cultivar surpassed in terms of productivity, reaching acre yield of this product was about 18.4 ardebs.
technology,Agricultural Production,field crops,Assiut
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3877.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3877_3764e2ee3b55575f76cff635b5e383e3.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
48
1-2
2017
02
01
The Statistical Estimation of the Standard Model Agricultural Labor Market in Assiut Governorate
430
438
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.3878
The human element, of Work is considered one of the main resources productive in the national economy and the most important element of the promotion of agriculture production. Agricultural employment constitute essential component in the work force at national level, which gave the importance of the agricultures sector now and in the future. The problem of this study in the economic changes in the demand for agricultural labor and agricultural working wages and the value of agricultural production, the study aims to shed light on the evolution of the wages and the productivity of the agricultural working group as well as the study of the evolution of a function the demand for agricultural labor. The study depends on empirical resents in economic analysis of both quantity, descriptive and multiple regression using variables photo Dummy Variables to identify the effects of statistical changes economic policies on the variables appreciated by estimating the test (Chow Test), and this study depend on secondary data published and unpublished from the central Public Mobilization and statistics and records of the Information and Decision Support Center in Assiut Governorate, one of the most important results of the findings of the study, to indicate the existence of a direct relationship with the economic logic of between the demand for agricultural labor and all of the value of agricultural production, the technological level, the productivity of the agricultural working group, harvest area, and to indicate the existence of inverse relationship in accordance with the economic logic of between the remuneration of the agricultural working group and all the variables interpretative declarations the subject of the study, it was also found that the wage of sunshine more than an increase in the level of technological development, this is due to the use of agricultural labor skilled can use modern technology and developed, including the increase in the technological level by one unit to increase the statistically morale in the average wage of Agricultural Working Group about 69 pounds at the moral level 1%.
The study recommends increased attention and raises the wage levels of national employment in general and particularly agricultural employment by creating new jobs. as well as the need to expand the reclamation and cultivation of new territories to create new jobs and attention to increase and improve the value of agricultural production in domestic and foreign markets to encourage farm production and not to migrate to other sectors more remuneration from agriculture sector.
Agricultural Employment,Assiut Governorate,A Standard Model for the Agricultural Labor Market
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3878.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3878_662aef4250d007973a0f0b822bef94e0.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
48
1-2
2017
02
01
Determine the Prices of Guarantee Standards for the Main Imported Cereals Crops in Egypt
439
457
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.3883
The results showed that there is a significant difference between the average price actual farm represented by the first alternative, and the average of each of the price according to the cost of production adjusted 35%, and the price is estimated using both the index of wholesale prices, and index of consumer prices in the countryside, and the price of world prices in a way, which confirms the inadequacy of those alternatives to determine the indicative price for the wheat crop. While spirits did not prove the differences between the average price farm actual one hand, and the average price in accordance with both the traditional production costs (actual), production costs adjusted 50%, and the price in a way to maintain the ratio between the price at farm and the average unit cost, this is something that may indicate the possibility of using to determine the price guarantee for the wheat crop.
For the crop of maize, it was clear that there is a significant difference between the average price actual farm representatives in the first variant of the hand, and all of the estimated average using the index for each of the wholesale prices price, consumer prices in the countryside, as well as the price of global prices in a manner, which may indicate inadequacy of those proposed for determining the indicative price for the crop, maize price alternatives. While spirits did not prove the differences between the average price farm actual one hand, and the average price in accordance with both the traditional production costs (actual), and the costs of the revised production 35%, and production costs adjusted 50% and, finally, estimated in a manner to maintain the price on the ratio between the price at farm and the average unit cost which may also refer to the possibility of use to determine the price guarantee for the crop of maize.
Prices,Grain importation,Egypt
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3883.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3883_30623fe7a07a8d65776551307b3758da.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
48
1-2
2017
02
01
An Economic Study of the Productive Efficiency of the most Important Food Crops in Egypt
458
473
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.3884
This study aims mainly at identifying the productive efficiency of eight food crops during the period 2000 - 2014. These crops are Rice, Maize, Potato, Tomato, Wheat, Local Bean, Lentil and Onion. The Essential data used in ths study were published and un-published data collected from Central Agency for public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS), Minister of Agriculture and Soil Reclamation. The methodology adopted in the study was condensed in some qualitative and quantative economics analytic methods.
Many important outcomes resulted from present as follows:
- There are statistical significant differences in the cultivated area and productivity for the provinces of the main producers of crops subject of the study.
- There are statistical significant decrease in planted area for most crops under study and an increase in the cultivated area of some of them but they increase is insufficient to meet the needs of the population.
- It became clear superiority of some provinces producing crops under study for the rest of the product with the provinces in terms of productive efficiency.
- Work to increase the area planted with those of food crops under study.
- Need to reconsider the distribution of planted each crop of food crop areas under study to the provinces with the highest efficiency productive in order to achieve the best use of resources and to increase the total production of these important in terms of food crops, and the possibility of increased exports from export crops such as rice, potatoes, tomatoes, onions and reduce imports strategic crops such as wheat, maize and corn on the other hand, and in order to achieve a balance in the Egyptian trade balance, which would result in increase in net farm income would rise, farmers living level and then increase the Egyption national agricultural income.
Economic study,Egypt,for productive efficiency,food crops
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3884.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3884_72b0d7f8ad79add8a97eb3297609de70.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
48
1-2
2017
02
01
Econometric Analysis of the Egyption Foreign Trade Efficiency For (Orange and Onion Crops)
474
485
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.3885
The study problem was to identify and measure the efficiency of foreign trade for the crop of oranges and onions. Where the search targeted some foreign trade indicators to measure the efficiency of foreign trade my crop of oranges and onions.
The study concluded some results:
Area planted with orange and onion showing an increase trend during the study period.
As showing that productivity, area planted and total production as well as the average consumption for both orange and onion growing overall trend.
The average amount and its precious Orange exports declining trend during the study period, average quantity and value of exports of onions showing increase trend over the same period.
The average export price of the Orange crop showing an increase trend during the study period, as the average price of export of onions a declining trend during the same period.
Based on the findings of the study results and indicators, it recommends finding an efficient export firms to study foreign markets and needs of oranges, onions, while maintaining current export markets for Egyptian onions, oranges and working to open new markets.<strong> </strong>
Standard analysis,Orange,Onion,Efficiency,Egyptian foreign trade
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3885.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3885_4d60186c5b7730854a6959544210a78a.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
48
1-2
2017
02
01
The Economics of Dairy Milk Production and the most Important Factors Affecting it in Egypt
486
497
EN
10.21608/ajas.1999.3887
Represented the research problem in the palaces or the Egyptian production capacity deciduous inability to meet the growing consumer needs of the dairy and keep pace as a result of the continuing increase in the numbers of the population, and the increase in health food and awareness of, and familiarity with some consumers the possibility of access to their animal protein from milk and milk products at a lower cost than they receive it from through other sources of animal protein such as meat red and white.<br /> The research aimed to reach the study of the evolution of cows, buffaloes, goats, dairy production, and also the study of the most important factors affecting milk production in Egypt during the period (1998-2014).<br /> • Search Results shows that the average quantity produced from the local dairy during the study period had amounted to about 5.1 million tons, representing cows production of which about 2.54 million tons, and at a rate of about 48.85% of the average total quantity produced from the milk, while the average amount of dairy buffalo has reached produced during the same period reached 2.43 million tons, and at a rate of about 48.17%, while dairy goats has reached the proportion of the amount produced during the same period, including about 2.49%, and an average production of about 125,000 tons.<br /> • The results shows that the most important factors affecting the quantity produced dairy is the green fodder and the number of female cows area and productivity of the head of them and the numbers of female buffalo and productivity of the head of them, respectively, and that
Dairy production,development of dairy production,GDP
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3887.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3887_3e49ce98a113d0d2e34b1c9aa7247fd4.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
48
1-2
2017
02
01
Analytical Study of the Most Important Seasons Export of Pomegranates, Strawberries in Egypt
498
511
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.3892
This study aims to identify the seasons export during the period (2011-2015), as well as predict the quantities and prices of Egypt's exports to Pomegranate and Strawberries.
By studying of the seasons export of Pomegranate is clear that the most important export periods is the period of (Jul-Nov),and an average of about 97.3x10<sup>3</sup> tons, equivalent to about 95.9% of average study period of about 101.5x10<sup>3</sup> tons. It is clear also that the most months of increased overseas demand for pomegranate represents months with high export prices, which means increasing export turnover. As shown by the results of seasonal prediction using the general trend for months period (2011-2015), the total expected export quantity of pomegranate in the years 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 are increasing by about 97.5%, 127.4%, 157.3%, 187.3%, 217.2%, respectively, compared with the average period referred to. It is clear also that demand for pomegranate will be increasing during the period from (Aug-Nov) and at a rate of about 92.66% of the total amount estimates for the years from 2016 until 2020. By estimating prices during (2016-2020) it represent about 50.1%, 66.9%, 83.7%, 100.5%, 117.2%, respectively, compared with an average period (2011-2015) has been shown to may, November, February, October, September months are the highest prices while export prices are approaching the values at rates comparable between months.
By studying of the seasons export of Strawberries is clear that the period of (Dec-Mar) consider the most important export periods, and an average of about 52.8x10<sup>3</sup> tons, representing about 82.4% of average study period which represents about 64.08 thousand tons, also that period consider the highest export prices, which means that the months when are of increased in demand in the strawberry fall within the high prices in the months which means increasing export turnover.
According to the results of seasonal prediction shows that the quantity expected to be export to the Strawberry in the years 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 are increasing by about by 10.6%, 14.2%, 17.8%, 21.4%, 25%, respectively, compared with the average period referred to. It is clear also that demand for strawberry will be increasing during the period from (Dec-Mar) and at a rate of about 81.1% of the total amount estimates for the years from 2016 until 2020. By estimating prices during (2016-2020). It represent about 3.52%, 4.7%, 5.88%, 7.06%, 8.24, respectively, compared with an average period (2011-2015) has been shown to may, is the months of December, February, January to March is the highest rise in prices.
analytical study,export seasons,pomegranate,Egypt
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3892.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3892_d55ce2f3bc09fcbfcc905df399f70bc7.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
48
1-2
2017
02
01
An Analytical Study for the Most Important Determinants of the Production of Red Meat and Milk in Assiut Governorate
512
523
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.3894
The animal production sector in Egypt is one of the important production sectors in the built of the national economie, the importance of Livestock not only in its material value but also it is the primary source to provide the human with the necessary animal proteins. Animal production sector contributes with 34.6% from the Agricultural production value in 2013, red meat and milk contributes with 35.5%, 23.1% from the total value of the animal production in Egypt in 2013 and the objective of the research is to achieve the production and economic efficiency in red meat and milk and to study the important factors that effect on red meat and milk production in Assiut governorate. the research depend on descriptive and quantitative economic analysis and on statistical models that represented in multiple regression analysis and phased and from the research results in the production of red meat in farms of cattle and buffalo according to the different categories possessory we found that. 1- According to the first category for the types of cow, the effective factors on the change in animal weight are the amount of forage dry (s<sub>4</sub>) and the amount of green fodder (s<sub>5</sub>). And for the type of buffalo, the effective factors on the change in the animal weight are the amount of concentrated feed (s<sub>3</sub>) and the amount of forage dry (s<sub>4</sub>). 2-According to the second category for the types of cow, the effective factors on the change in animal weight are the amount of concentrated feed (s<sub>3</sub>) and the human work (s<sub>6</sub>). and for the types of buffalo, the effective factors on the change in animal weight are the length of fatting period (s<sub>2</sub>) and the amount of forage dry (s<sub>4</sub>). 3- According to the third category for the types of cow, the effective factors on the change in animal weight are the amount of concentrated feed (s<sub>3</sub>) and the human work (s<sub>6</sub>) and for the types of buffalo, the effective factors on the change in animal weight are the amount of concentrated feed (s<sub>3</sub>) and the amount of green fodder (s<sub>5</sub>). The production of milk in farms of cattle and buffalo according to the different categories possessory we found that. 1-According to the first category for the types of cow, the effective factors on milk production are the length of milk season(s<sub>2</sub>) and the amount of forage dry(s<sub>4</sub>). For the types of buffalo, the effective factors on milk production are the length of milk season(s<sub>2</sub>), the amount of the concentrated feed(s<sub>3</sub>), the amount of forage dry(s<sub>4</sub>) and the human work(s<sub>6</sub>). 2-According to the second category for the type of cow, the effective factors on milk production are the amount of green fodder(s<sub>3</sub>) and the amount of forage dry(s<sub>4</sub>). For the types of buffalo, the effective factors on milk production are the amount of green fodder(s<sub>3</sub>) and the amount of forage dry(s<sub>4</sub>). 3-According to the third category for the types of cow, the effective factors on milk production are the length of milk season(s<sub>2</sub>) and the human work(s<sub>6</sub>). for the types of buffalo, the effective factors on Milk production is the length of milk season(s<sub>2</sub>) .
Assiut,red meat,dairy,analytical study
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3894.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3894_4fc768c9e59d17bedb980cae6566f529.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
48
1-2
2017
02
01
Use of Educational Technologies Among Staff Members At the Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt
524
534
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.3895
The main objectives of this study are to know: (a) the use of educational technologies by staff members at the faculty of agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt, (2) their evaluation of the degree of importance and their level of knowledge of these technologies, and (3) reasons for not using these educational technologies. In order to achieve these objectives, an empirical inquiry was conducted to collect necessary data on the availability and use of different educational technologies among staff members at the faculty of agriculture, Assiut University. A survey was carried out on staff members holding Ph. D. degree of this faculty. Questionnaires were distributed among staff members of the faculty. The number of usable completed returns was 100 or 39 % of the total number of staff members which was estimated to be 257 members at the time of data collection (2014). Frequencies, percentages were used for data presentation. The technique of Factor analysis was applied to measure objectivity among staff members in their evaluation of the degree of importance of educational technologies in their teaching.
Results of this study showed that most respondents placed a high degree of importance of educational technologies included in this study and made use of most of these technologies. However, there are some reasons which prevent staff members from using such technologies. Some staff members lack knowledge and skills for the application of some educational technologies. A training programme should be organized for staff members at the Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University to improve their knowledge and skills of the use of these educational technologies.
Availability of Educational technology,Barriers to use Educational technology,Evaluation of Educational technology,Objectivity/Subjectivity Index
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3895.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3895_b96340021d16cef259c74c10f464044f.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
48
1-2
2017
02
01
A Vision for Modernizing Agricultural Extension System in Egypt
535
548
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.3896
This paper introduces a vision for modernizing agricultural extension system in Egypt. This proposed vision was based on: (a) determination of principal requirements for modernizing agricultural extension systems, (b) results of previous research in this area, (c) an empirical investigation carried out on agricultural extension personnel in Assiut governorate to know the need for modernizing agricultural extension system in Egypt, and (d) information gathered through personal interviews with some officials at the national level and Assiut governorate level. The empirical study adopted the frame work for modernizing agricultural extension systems proposed by FAO in 2005. A survey was carried out on 167 (55 %) of extension personnel in Assiut governorate.
The results showed that in order to modernize the agricultural extension system in Egypt, there is a great need to: a clear strategy for agricultural extension, a good organization structure, proper and effective personnel, proper means for academic preparation and training of extension personnel, proper methods for selecting those personnel at various levels and for different jobs, proper criteria for their performance assessment, provision of adequate financial support for planning and implanting extension programs, development of communication methods and means through the application of information communication technology, effective organizations for farmers, strong and effective linkages between the agricultural extension system and the other related systems at regional and local levels. The paper also presents a proposed organizational structure for the agricultural extension system in Egypt.
Agricultural extension strategy,Assiut Governorate,Extension personnel,Extension system,Modernization requirements,organizational structure,vision
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3896.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3896_98e78a6ac93a9f0d016f8bf374cf5a7a.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
48
1-2
2017
02
01
The Role of NGOs in the Social and Economic Capacity of Rural Women in Assiut Governorate
549
556
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.3897
The current research deals with the importance of the role played by women in society in general and the rural community in particular. It shows that the role of rural women must be strengthened by providing them with capabilities that enable them to participate in their community development through community-Non-governmental organizations, being closest to the members of the community and knowing their needs and problems.
Therefore, it was necessary to recognize the role played byNon-governmental organizations in women's economic capacity development in the countryside of Assiut Governorate. From the main objective some sub-goals emerge to figure out the role of NGOsin training of rural women on some crafts, employing girls, edificating women and helping them in establishing small businesses, and marketing their products through exhibitions.
role,Non-governmental organizations,Capacity Development,Community,Participation
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3897.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3897_07eb44816a56c5e2cead986022f94e6a.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
48
1-2
2017
02
01
Study the Causes and Effects of Violence Against Rural Women in Assuit Governorate
557
572
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.3898
man, woman participates in developing process. She is responsible for raising responsible future generations. She is the wife who manages home. She is the mother, sister, daughter and wife. In spite of that woman is exposed to some kinds of violence from man (husband, father, brother, etc.). This violence takes various forms, including physical, psychological, sexual, economic. Circumcision. early marriage. denial of education, denial of inheritance and inequality between the boy and the girl in Education.
Violence against woman, in almost all societies, is a very complicated issue. It is a worldly problem that exceeds cultural and geographical boundaries. The rural society is greatly influenced by this problem. The woman in Assiut governorate (place of study), like woman allover Egypt, is expised to some forms of violence. Through real statistics taken from family court in Assiut governorate it is clear that the problem of violence is in continuous growth. As a result it was important to have a study about all forms of violence against rural woman in the governorate, know the reasons and the circumstances of this violence, woman`s reaction, what the results of this on her and her children, and try to find solutions to limit violence against her.
Data have been collected from rural ladies who have problems in the family court. The result shows us a relevant physical, psychological, sexual, economic violence.
Results showed a variety of reasons pushing man to treat her violently like: customs and traditions, religious conceptions misunderstanding, bad behaviors, nervous, avarice, Parental involvement, husband character weakness, work stress, Lack of employment opportunities, poverty, and illiteracy.
Woman's known reactions are crying, and leaving husband's home and going to her familiy's home and as a result she becomes sad, lack of self confidence and hatred to all men.
Women saied that children is the victim of this violence whether the couple divorced or not. The children become in a ver bad mode, lack of self confidence, always Vulnerable to disease, failure in school and fear from others.
As the results show, Woman is exposed to violence from her own family members; from her father, brother, and mother like: discrimination between boy and girl in treatment, early marriage, obligatory marriage, and circumcision.
Results also showed that Women are harassed in the streets, transportation, hospitals, and governmental offices in Assiut governorate.
Of the most important solutions to address violence against women are good education, the right religious education for children, men in the family have to know their role, the existence of strict laws to punish the husband or the harasser and the female literacy.
Violence Against women,Forms of violence,The causes of violence,The Effects of Violence
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3898.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3898_8fa5ec02947acbdb1acce272e8935290.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
48
1-2
2017
02
01
Improve the Yield and Quality of Red Roomy and Thompson Seedless Grape Cultivars
38
58
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.3906
Experiments were carried out at the Experimental Orchard of Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture. The experiments aimed to overcome the looseness of berries as well as improving the yield and berry quality of Red Roomy grape cultivar by using Boron, Zinc and NAA. The study also aimed to reduce the cluster compactness by using GA<strong><sub>3</sub></strong> and cluster thinning in order to improve the quality of Thompson Seedless grape cultivar.
The treatments significantly increased the initial fruit set (IFS) and decreased the berry drop percentage. The cluster numbers not significantly affected by various treatments. However, the treatments increased the yield over the control. The control vines gave the lowest yield among all the treatments. The present study showed that there were no significant differences between treatments on the cluster width. On the other hand, treatments exhibited significant differences comparing with the control in respect of the cluster height. The treatments except of spraying with NAA had significant differences comparing with the control in respect of the cluster weight. However, the control vines gave the lowest cluster weight during the two studied seasons. On the contrary, the control gave the highest weight of 100 berries. On the other hand, although the control produced the highest juice weight of 100 berries but the differences were not significant during the two seasons of study. There were no significant differences between the treatments in respect of TSS% during the two studied seasons. The sugar contents took the same trend of TSS%.
On the other hand, there were no significant differences between the treatments on the cluster number per vine of Thompson seedless grape cultivar. Yield weight significantly affected by GA<strong><sub>3</sub></strong> application. The lowest yield obtained from the control. Data revealed that spraying the cluster with GA<strong><sub>3 </sub></strong>at 5 + 20 + 30 ppm gave the highest values of cluster width (cm) and height (cm). The clusters treated with GA<strong><sub>3</sub></strong> at 5 + 20 + 30 ppm were the heaviest clusters among all the treatments and the differences between their values and the values of other treatments were significant during the two seasons of study. The weight of 100 berries and 100 berreis juice weight took the same trend of cluster weight. On the contrary of the previous results, the control and cluster thinning followed by GA<strong><sub>3</sub></strong> at 5 ppm + thinning had the highest TSS% in the berry juice. Concerning the acidity percentage, the differences between the treatments mostly insignificant. GA<strong><sub>3</sub></strong> application recorded also the least ratio of TSS/acid ratio, however, the other treatments significantly surpassed it in this respect. Cluster thinning gave the highest percentage of total sugars followed by GA<strong><sub>3</sub></strong> at 5 ppm + thinning and then the control.
This study concluded that the beneficial effects of spraying boron and zinc during flowering to increase the berry set and decrease berry drop of Red Roomy grape cultivar. On the other hand; Gibberellic acid (GA<strong><sub>3</sub></strong>) spraying increased berry size, cluster weight and expand the cluster length of Thompson Seedless grape cultivar that suffering from cluster compactness. Cluster thinning can be used for increasing berry and cluster weight and improving the quality.
Vitisvinefera,berry quality,GA3,Thinning,Boron,zinc
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3906.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_3906_61f7521ed74e6065ee75b4b9e8449d25.pdf