Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
46
5
2015
10
01
Combining Ability Studies in Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) under Water Stress by Using Line × Tester Analysis
1
10
EN
10.21608/ajas.2015.527
Forty F<sub>1</sub> grain sorghum crosses, their parents (eight CMS A-lines and five male R-lines) and one commercial hybrid (H-306) as check were evaluated for grain yield/plant and some other traits in 2011 and 2012 seasons at Shandaweel Agric. Res. Station, Sohag, Egypt under three irrigation levels (100, 70% and 40% from optimum water irrigation level). The combined analysis across the three levels of irrigation at each of the two years showed highly significant mean squares due to irrigation levels, and genotypes and their interaction for all studied traits, indicating genetic variability for all studied traits. In addition, highly significant mean squares were found due to interaction of genotype × irrigation, indicating differential response for different genotypes under different levels of irrigation for all studied traits except for days of 50% flowering. Also, high significant differences among genotypes, crosses, parents were found, for all studied traits in the two seasons. These results reflect the important roles of both additive and non-additive in the inheritance of number of days to 50% flowering, plant height, 1000-grain weight and grain yield/plant. Female lines (ASH-6, ASH-11, ICSA-37 and ICSA-88003) and the male lines (ICSR-92003 and ICSV-273) had positive and highly significant general combining ability effects for grain yield under the three irrigation levels over the two seasons. These lines had favorable genes and would be considered good combiners for high yielding ability. The crosses (ASH-8 × ICSR-89028) and (ICSA-37 × ICSR-92003) had positive and highly significant SCA effects under the three of irrigation treatments over the two seasons and would be considered the best combinations for grain yield.
Sorghum bicolor,CMS lines,R-lines,Combining ability
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_527.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_527_a4af6bb879812d647b097b5e69b8775d.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
46
5
2015
10
01
Dry Matter Intake and Digestibility of Nutrients by Yankassa Sheep Fed Diet in Which Biscuit Waste and Leucaena Leucocephala Leaf Replaced Maize and Wheat Offal Mixture
11
18
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.528
A 21-day trial was conducted to find out the digestibility and utilization of biscuit waste meal/Leucaena leucocephala leaf hay (B WM/Llh) mixture in the diet of growing sheep. The test mixture was used to formulate diets in which it replaced maize/wheat offal mixture at 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100% inclusion levels and were designated as B0, B25, B50, B75 and B100 respectively. Twenty entire Yankassa rams with average initial live weight of 12.16±0.34kg were used in the completely randomized design experiment with 4 animals per treatment. Statistical analysis result showed that the Dry Matter intake (g/d) values of 673.73, 664.63 and 653.17 obtained on diets B25, B50 and B75 were each higher (p<0.005) than (647.23) offered to the control. Percentage Dry Matter digestibility decreased (p<0.05) from 87.54, 83.60, 77.90, 77.30 and 75.50 respectively in sheep receiving the test mixture diets. The digestibilities of crude protein, crude fibre and its fractions, nitrogen free extraction and energy which followed the same pattern as dry matter digestibility decreased (P<0.05) as the level of BWM/Llh mixture increased. However nitrogen absorbed and retained by animals on the mixture based diets B<sub>25</sub>, B<sub>50</sub> and the control (B<sub>0</sub>) were similar (P> 0.05). In conclusion, replacing maize, wheat offal mixture with biscuit waste meal, Leucaena leucocephala leaf hay mixture may be used until less than 75% in the diet of growing sheep.
digestibility,utilization,Yankassa sheep,Biscuit waste,Leucaena leucocephala
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_528.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_528_28283d37bda8b6f151a27a416bcd856b.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
46
5
2015
10
01
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Stem Bark Extracts of Different Ornamental Trees
19
32
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.529
Aqueous, ethanol, methanol and acetone stem bark extracts from nine tree species; <em>Pinus halepensis, Leucaenia leucocephala, Ficus sycomorus, Quercus ruber, Albizia lebbeck, Terminalia arjuna, Bauhinia variegate, Cassia fistula and Kegelia africana</em> growing in Assiut, Egypt were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against three bacterial and three fungal species <em>in vitro </em>as well as their antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging. Patterns of inhibition varied with the plant extract, the solvent used for extraction, and the organism tested. Acetone extract of <em>K. africana</em> gave the maximum significant inhibitory effect against the three bacterial strains. <em>Bacillus cereus</em> was the most inhibited bacteria, followed by <em>Erwinia carotovora</em>. The maximum antifungal activity was noticed in different extracts of <em>C. fistula</em> against the three fungal strains; <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, <em>Fusarium solani</em> and <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> with significant differences comparing with the other extracts. Samples extracted by acetone and ethanol, respectively, showed significant increment in antibacterial and antifungal activities over either methanol or aqueous ones, which recorded the minimum inhibition. The methanol extract of both <em>K. africana</em> and <em>B. variegate</em> showed the strongest inhibition of DPPH radical activity. The EC<sub>50</sub> reached its lowest values with acetone extract of <em>A. lebbeck</em> followed by ethanol and acetone extracts of <em>P. halepensis</em>.
Antibacterial activity,antifungal activity,Antioxidant EC50,DPPH assay,Stem bark
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_529.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_529_fcba32e7774bb569b50290bf4664002f.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
46
5
2015
10
01
Antibacterial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Alhagi pseudalhagi
33
47
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.530
The current study was conducted to test antimicrobial activity of aqueous,<br />ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts of camel thorn (Alhagi pseudalhagi)<br />against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Clavibacter michiganensis<br />subsp. sepedonicus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Erwinia carotovora subsp.<br />atroseptica), using the agar well-diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration<br />was also determined. Besides, phytochemical constituents of the volatile<br />oil of camel thorn aerial parts were identified using gas chromatography coupled<br />to mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis. Data of the antibacterial assay<br />showed significant activity of all extracts against various bacterial strains at the<br />concentration of 256 mg/ml. The methanolic extract showed the highest inhibition<br />zone and the lowest values of minimum inhibitory concentration against all<br />tested bacterial strains. The lowest inhibition zone and comparatively greater<br />minimum inhibitory concentration was induced by the aqueous extract. Ethanol<br />and acetone extracts showed moderate antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial<br />strains. Chromatographic analysis revealed the identification of 66 phytocompounds<br />most of which have been previously reported to possess antimicrobial,<br />antitumor, antiseptic, preservative, insecticidal and antioxidant activities.<br />The most abundant compounds were 1-(3-Furyl)-4b,7,7,9b,11a-pentamethyl-3,8-<br />dioxohexadecahydrooxireno[d]oxireno[7,8]naphtho[2,1-f]isochromen-5-yl acetate;<br />Hexa-t-butylselenatrisiletane; 4-(2-Methyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-but-3-en-2-one<br />and 1,3-Dimethyladamantane.
Antibacterial activity,camel thorn,medicinal plants,Phytochemical screening
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_530.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_530_10d7cfc27b91ad5bec4782308077cdea.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
46
5
2015
10
01
Benefits of Calcium Carbonate Sprays on Yield and Fruit Quality of Samany and Zaghloul Date Palm under New Reclaimed Soils
57
48
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.531
The present study was carried out during 2010 and 2011 seasons on “Zaghloul” and "Samany" date palms growing at a private orchard in New Assuit City, Egypt, in order to study the effects of plant protect ant purshade (calcium carbonate<strong>) </strong>at 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 5 % on yield, fruit properties and harvesting date of Zaghloul and Samany date palm cultivars growing in new reclaimed soils.
In general, results indicated that spraying Zaghloul and Samany date palm bunches with purshared caused a significant increase in ultimate fruit retention, bunch weight and consequently total yield, fruit weight, height and pulp thickness as well as fruit moisture content, TSS and sugar contents, while tannins percentages were significantly decreased. The promotion was associated with increasing concentrations . In addition all Purshade treatments delay harvest date in comparison with control treatment.
The superior treatment concerning yield and fruit quality was spraying Purshade at 5 % three times started in Hababouk stage and ending in Khalal stage (15/ May, 15/ June and 15/ July ) which was most suitable for Zaghloul and Samany dates and could be consider as a recommended treatment under conditions of this experiment
Nutrients,Purshade,Stress,calcium,soft cultivars
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_531.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_531_dbe8131cbddab12a70316dca23aa54d8.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
46
5
2015
10
01
Effects of some Extracts on Growth Characters of Mulberry Silkworm "Bombyx mori L."
71
58
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.532
Two hybrids of silkworms, imported from Bulgaria, and local hybrid were used during the work. Six alcoholic extracts (<em>Moringa</em>, Rosemary, Garlic, <em>Cestrum durant</em> "Bostachia", mulberry silkworm, and silk glands, and four aqueous extracts (<em>Moringa</em>, Rosemary, Garlic, and <em>Cestrum durant</em>, were tested on imported and local hybrid of silkworm. Mulberry leaves were sprayed with (1%) of these extracts and offered to 4<sup>th</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> instar larvae. The following growth characters were detected and calculated: initial, final average and range of 5<sup>th</sup> instar weight, growth index, silk glands weight, ratio between silk glands and larval weight, pupal weight, fresh and cocoon, shell weight and cocoon shell ratio % was calculated. Using of aqueous extract of Rosemary on imported silkworms leads to an increase in cocoon shell ratio %. Concerning local hybrid this increment was detected in <em>C. durant</em>, <em>Moringa</em>, and Garlic treatments. All tested aqueous extracts increased cocoon shell ratio % in local hybrid. Generally, in imported hybrid, the only increment in cocoon shell ratio % was in aqueous extracts of Rosemary treatment. However, in local hybrid this increment was found in alcoholic extracts of <em>Moringa</em>, Garlic, <em>C. durant</em>. This reflects more response of local hybrid as compared with imported one. Also, response to aqueous extracts was more than the alcoholic extracts. Thus, using of local hybrid of silkworm and treatment of mulberry leaves with aqueous extract is considered be available easier and cheaper for feeding of mulberry silkworms, in Egypt.
Silk worm thymicae-,Growth traits-The effect of extracts
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_532.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_532_ff79ea48900fa1414fb7bea47ae5b943.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
46
5
2015
10
01
Economic Returns for Recycling Agricultural Waste in Assiut Governorate
72
84
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.533
This study aims to seek for economic returns to recycling agricultural waste Assiut Governorate and estimate production energy for this waste.
By using descriptive and quantitative analysis and conversion equations to get to know what this plant equal to agricultural and animal waste products. Through the Bulletin of Agricultural Economics at the Ministry of Agriculture, the Directorate of Agriculture, Assiut Governorate. In addition to research and scientific messages, which focused on the subject of study.
Agricultural production produces a large amount of agricultural residues such as straw, corn wood and the remnants of agricultural operations.
Agriculture plant waste under study was 997 thousand tons annually, it has been converted into an economic return products.
Converting this waste into clean energy, gives around 260 tons annually equivalent to petroleum.
The production the study revealed that production of compost from plant waste around 260 thousand tons annually, net return economic around 305 million pounds annually.
The production of feeds from plant waste is around 249 thousand tons annually, it is estimated around 623 million pounds annually.
The production of mushrooms from plant waste is around 498 thousand tons annually, it is estimated around 7.5 billion pounds annually.
The production of biogas from plant waste is around 146 thousand m<strong><sup>3</sup></strong> annually, it gives around 87 thousand liters of kerosene daily.
On the other hand, animal waste estimated around 8.8 thousand tons of wet waste.
The production of biogas from animal waste is around 1.2 thousand m<strong><sup>3</sup></strong> annually, it gives around 706 liters of kerosene daily.
Agricultural waste,compost,economic returns,non-conventional energy
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_533.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_533_20d0865eeeeb6f63395ac33770ee3cca.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
46
5
2015
10
01
An Economic Study of the Food Gap in Red Meat in Egypt
58
101
EN
10.21608/ajas.2015.534
Red meats are considered one of the primary products of the Animal Production Sector in Egypt, The value of red meats produced in Egypt in 2012 amounted to about 38 billion pounds, i.e. about 37% of the total value of animal production in Egypt in the same year which was estimated at about 94.4 billion pounds. Per capita share of red meats in Egypt in 2012 was about 12.7 kg/year, which is much lower than its counterpart worldwide in the same year, which was about 42.7 kg/year. Also the food gap in red meats in Egypt in the same year was about 264,000 tons.
The present research aimed to investigating some Study of the Food Gap in Red Meat in Egypt some economic indicators of red meat production in Egypt and estimating its general trends during the period covered by the study 1996-2012 and its future expectations in 2020.
Among the most significant findings reached by the present research are the following:
1. The domestic production of red meats from both cows and buffaloes during the period covered by the study increased by about 82.5% and 42.7%, respectively, with an annual increase of about 3.2% and 1.6%, respectively, based on their average increase during the same period, which was about 336.8, and 322.1 thousand tons, respectively.
2. The gross production of red meats from different sources increased by about 53.9%, with an annual increase of about 2% as estimated from their average, which was about 791.7 thousand tons. This increase in the gross production of red meats is attributed to the increase in the domestic production of cow and buffalo meats.
3. The domestic consumption of red meats in Egypt during the period covered by the study increased by about 84.3% higher the minimum consumption rate in 1997. This increase is attributed to overpopulation, the improved per capita income, and the increase demand on red meat consumption at an annual increase rate of about 2.3%.
4. Per capita consumption of red meats increased by 55.4% with an average of 14.6 kg/year, while per capita consumption of red meats worldwide during the same period increased by 22.4 % higher than the minimum consumption rate .
5. The total food gap in red meats worldwide ranged between 1,435 and 2,742 thousand tons in 1996 and 2012, respectively, with an annual average of about 1970.4 thousand tons.
Egypt-red-meat food gap
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_534.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_534_089c2d7d85a332a99f383f8c5022776d.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
46
5
2015
10
01
Rural Women's Participation Level in the Decision–Making of Vegetable Crops in Jordan Valley and its Relation with Some Variables
102
113
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.535
The aim of this study was to determine the rural women's participation level in the decision – making related to choice of vegetable crops in Jordan Valley and its relation with some variables, the study also aimed at studying the relationship between the participation levels and some personal variables like personal and professional characters of the women .Randomly selected women of 120 were chosen and interviewed individually and subjected to a questionnaires prepared by the researcher. The questionnaire included two parts, first the personal and professional information of the women and second, the measure of participation in the decision – making related to vegetable crops. The data were collected and checked for validity by some experts in the related field. For data analysis, frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviations, Pearson and Spearman correlation, and t-test were used to test the hypothesis and determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The most important results were:
- There was three categories for participation levels, which were low (<8) points, medium 8-12) points and high (> 12) points. It was found that 19%, 79%, and 22 % of women were fall down in the low, medium, and high levels respectively.
- There was a significant relationship between participation levels and each of educational level, number of experience years, and information resources.
- There was no significant relationship between participation levels and each of women age, and size of farm possession.
Finally, the result of this study recommended that rural organization and agricultural extension must take extra role in educating and raising awareness of rural women and transfer the agricultural technology to them through pre-prepared scientific and practical plans including the results of this research according to the participation levels of women in the study area.
Rural development,Rural Women,Agricultural Extension,participation Levels,vegetable,Jordan Valley
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_535.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_535_bede2feade16642ddba0b74f0be66f2a.pdf
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
46
5
2015
10
01
Farmers' Knowledge about Practices Rationalization of Chemical Pesticide Use in Tomato Pests Resistance in Some Villages in El Minia Governorate
114
132
EN
10.21608/ajas.2016.536
The study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of farmers' respondents aboutpractices rationalization of chemical pesticide use in Tomato pests resistance, determine the relationship between the level of knowledge of farmers' respondents related to those practices, determine the percentage of the contribution rate of some independent variables to explain the variance in the dependent variable, also determine the information resources which farmers take their information about practices rationalization of chemical pesticide use, finally the role of agricultural extension in the definition of farmers about those practices .
The research conduct in the largest three villages of the largest three districts growing Tomato in El Minia governorate, during was selected sample farmers using the equation Krejcie and Morgan reached 210 farmers which representing about 45.6% of the population of tomato farmers which had reached about 460 farmers , respondents were selected randomly from the tenure records of the agricultural cooperation organization in selected villages during 2015, data were collected using a prepared personal questionnaire during .October 2015.
Frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient of Person, chi square, multiple regression analysis step–wise used to analyze the studied data.
The most important results of the study include:
1– The level of knowledge of farmers' respondents aboutpractices rationalization of chemical pesticide use in Tomato pests resistance was moderate 68.6%.
2– There was a significant relationship between the degree of knowledge of farmers' respondents aboutpractices rationalization of chemical pesticide use in Tomato pests resistance and each of following independent variables: number of education years, experience in tomato, average production per faddan, the geographical openness, self-assessment of opinion, a full –time agricultural work.
3–There are three independent variables collective explain 11.1% of the total variance in dependent variable.
4– Friends, dealers' pesticides, neighbors have the priority as sources of information to the farmers as they mentioned.
5–Agricultural extension role was low in the definition of farmers aboutpractices rationalization of chemical pesticide use in Tomato pests resistance.
Knowledge,Chemical pesticides,pest-resistant tomatoes,Agricultural Extension
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_536.html
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_536_96f7c1be122f86bc2953857ff4aaf846.pdf