Groundwater Potentiality and Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation in the New Valley, Western Desert, Egypt
text
article
2014
eng
Egypt is facing increasing water demand by the rapidly growing population,increased urbanizations, higher standards of living and the agricultural policywhich emphasizes expanding crop production in order to feed the growing population.The Western Desert of Egypt is considered as important area for expansiondepending on the groundwater resources. The groundwater needs more studiesregarding its quantity, quality and sustainability for irrigation and drinkingpurposes. The Nubian sandstone aquifer system (NSAS) is considered as one ofthe most significant and potable groundwater basins in the world; it is the onlywater resource for most of the areas sharing its valuable reserve. It extends over avast area in Egypt, Libya, Sudan and Chad. The area occupied by the aquifer extendsbetween lat 15° and 25° N and long 20° and 35 ° E. The area of the Nubianaquifer system of Eastern Sahara is about 2.35 millions km2. It encompassessome 850000 km2 in Egypt (670000 km2 in Western Desert, including the areaknown as Wadi Elgidid (New Valley) CEDARE (2000) and Sefelnasr (2007).The current study aims to evaluate the groundwater potentiality and suitabilityfor drinking and irrigation in the New Valley, Western Desert, Egypt. Thisevaluation includes analysis for the cations: Na+, K+, Ca++ and Mg++ and the anions:Cl-, HCO3- and SO42-, soluble heavy metals (Fe and Mn). Values of pH, TDSand EC of the groundwater samples in El Kharga and El Dakhla Oases were determined.The results were compared with the standards such as: Egyptian standard(2007), WHO (2006) and FAO standard (1980). Result concluded that solubleiron is the major problem for drinking water, since only 2.4% of the studiedsamples were in the safe limits for drinking. 42.8% of the studied samples are inthe safe limits for the modern irrigation systems. Dealing with manganese, 89.8%of the studied wells were in the safe limits for drinking and there is no problem inirrigation. The soluble salts in the groundwater were at the safe level for drinkingand irrigation
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
45
v.
2
no.
2014
113
124
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_636_e804ae2255d7345876380029c52985ac.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2013.636
Land Use Change Detection using RS Data and GIS Application A case study Aswan Governorate
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article
2014
eng
The Egyptian government and the private sector in Aswan are interested in developing Aswan governorate, which represents a large future sustainable zone for different types of land use including agricultural, urbanization, wastewater disposal, landfill and industrial sites. The governorate area is about 62726 km². However, the inhabited area does not exceed 2%. The current study focus on the analysis of the land use changes in the area since 1986 till 2003, by using modern techniques, which include RS data and GIS programs.
The results showed that there were obvious changes in land use in the study area of 46382.25 km², since 1986 till 2003 where it was found a lack of arable land as much as 445.25 km² (0.96% of the study area) and a shortage of the desert lands as far as 1752.86 km² (3.78%). On the other hand, the urbanized area increased by 2571.39 km² (5.54%). These lands were utilized for building and other activities.
The results also showed that although the reclaimed area increased but the old agricultural land changed to other uses such as building construction and other activities. This was clarified by producing maps showing the changes in land use.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
45
v.
2
no.
2014
125
143
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_637_24157a7f3c156f568a8536e0a7f710db.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2014.637
An Economic Study of Consumption Patterns of Cereals, Bread in Egypt
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article
2014
eng
Study aimed to know relative importance annual expenditure of the family to each of the groups of food, on the one hand, and cereals, bread in the countryside was attended by Egypt, on the other hand, as well as the study of contrast relative importance of cereals, bread in Egypt attended the countryside between research income, expenditure and consumption during years of study groups on the one hand, compounded by the other hand. and then to know the relationship between the average expenditure on the group of cereals, bread overall consumer spending and the size of the family, on the one hand, compared to patterns of consumption goods that group in all of Egypt attended the countryside on the other.. The study found the following results:
- that spending on food and drink and reached about what about 40% in urban areas, and more than 50% in the rural area of Inter consumer spending annual household, any that the bulk of consumer spending annual household
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
45
v.
2
no.
2014
144
162
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_638_aea0df0ae655a1eb3a942db324fb2a0b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2013.638
An Economic Study of the Most Important Food Crops used in Biofuel Production Globally
text
article
2014
eng
Biofuel is extracted from plants as ethanol transparent colourless liquid characterized with special odour and speed great flare.
The present research problem represents in the global demand for agricultural food products where grains is the most important specially wheat, corn, sugar crops and vegetable oils used for extract ethanol and biodiesel. This global demand is the most important factor supporting the upward trend in prices; especially the two largest producers and exporters of these grains are the United States and Brazil.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
45
v.
2
no.
2014
163
180
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_639_1ee043a92d55a50813b885e1b71d1a15.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2014.639
Some Features of Marketing Date Palm in New Valley Governorate
text
article
2014
eng
Despite the importance of dates crop in the province of New Valley, which is the main crop in the province, but it was noted that this crop is hampered by a set of problems related to aspects of the marketing face wholesalers and retailers. So it was necessary to identify some features of marketing for the dates crop in the New Valley Governorate in addition to the problems that hinder the marketing of dates from the viewpoint of wholesalers and retailers and proposals of the advancement of this important crop, as well as to identify marketing channels (vein marketable)
used in marketing dates New Valley Governorate.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
45
v.
2
no.
2014
181
196
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_640_5bd993be2a150f80fa162a02dd071ef5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2014.640
Economic Study for Investment and Efficiency of Commodity Sectors in Egypt
text
article
2014
eng
This research aims to set some lights on the development of the national investments (pubic and private) and its distribution between the commodity sectors in Egypt, during the period from 2001/2002 – 2011/2012.
The study found that there is a continuous decrease in the agricultural investments. Inspite of this the income from agricultural sector is more than that estimated from the other commodity sectors and realized high efficiency.
In this position the study recommends to redistribute the national investments between the economic sectors as well as increase the agricultural investments to realize real development in the Egyptian agriculture and at the national economy in general.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
45
v.
2
no.
2014
197
216
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_641_f55f9f3efec5c1f05fe72c45f2f246e2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2014.641
Spatial Differences in the Egyptian Television Agricultural Programmes Map and Analyzing these Programmes Using SWOT Analysis
text
article
2014
eng
The main objectives of this study are to know: (a) spatial differences in the Egyptian agricultural television programmes, and (b) analyzing these programmes using SWOT analysis. In order to achieve the first objective, all agricultural television programmes addressed through the basic and different local channels during the year 2012 were determined. In order to achieve the second objective, a survey was carried out on a group of 51 academic and professional experts in agricultural extension and information.
Results showed that only five agricultural television programmes were addressed through the basic and local channels. Results also showed that the frequency and the period of time of these programmes were limited. Spatial differences among different regions were found. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were determined. The study concluded that further research is needed to evaluate priorities of these SWOT factors in order to put a better strategic plan for the television agricultural programmes in the Egyptian television.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
45
v.
2
no.
2014
217
231
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_642_f716eff44d87264e99ad9c395df4f4d3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2013.642
Selection for Grain Yield in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions
text
article
2014
eng
The objective of the present work is to study the efficiency of pedigree selection in improving grain yield under normal and late planting dates. Two cycles of selection were completed under each date on the F3 and F4-generations. The F5 selected families under normal and late planting were evaluated under both conditions. The genotypic variance was slightly less than the phenotypic variance under both dates and generally decreased from the base population (F3) to the F5-generation. Broad sense heritability estimates for grain yield/plant under normal and heat stress conditions were 81.76 and 75.04% after two cycle's selection, respectively. The realized heritability under normal date was 49.47 and 70.98% compared to 40.90 and 53.92% under heat stress after C1 and C2 respectively. The average observed gain from selection under normal and late planting groups, evaluated under normal planting date showed significant difference in grain yield from the bulk sample by 13.08 and 3.36%, and from the better parent by 25.04 and 15.04%, respectively. Under late planting date, the observed gain showed significant difference (P<0.01) of 6.73 and 7.78%, from the bulk sample and 16.05 and 22.10% from the better parent, respectively. Selection for grain yield under normal planting date evaluated under both dates, increased sensitivity of the selected families, while selection at late planting date, decreased the sensitivity.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
45
v.
2
no.
2014
1
18
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_731_96d061a7993db8ef7ba23dfe76cd6ed8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2013.731
Effect of Incubation Temperature on the Production of Fungal Cellulases
text
article
2014
eng
This study was aimed to investigate the optimum incubation temperature for cellulases production by Aspergillus niger AUMC 8485, Aspergillus flavus AUMC 8534 and Emericella nidulans AUMC 8581.
The obtained results showed that, the optimum incubation temperature for cellulases production as measured by cup-plate clearing zone technique was 355 C for all the studied species. The diameter of clearing zone was 22.0, 24.5, 26.0 mm for Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Emericella nidulans, respectively. In case of exo –D-1,4 gluconase (FP-ase) production, the highest enzymatic activity was obtained at 355 C by all the studied fungal species. Meanwhile, the highest specific activity was recorded at 405 C for A. niger and at 355 C for A. flavus and E. nidulans. At the same time, the optimum incubation temperature for endo- ß- D-1,4 gluconase (CMC-ase) production was recorded at 405 C for A. niger and E. nidulans, and at 35 5 C for A. flavus. The highest CMC-ase specific activity was observed at 405 C for all the studied strains. The maximum amount of reducing sugars found in the culture filtrate at 355 C for A. niger, and at 405 C for A. flavus and E. nidulans. Also, the highest amount of soluble protein was recorded at 355 C for A. niger and at 305 C for A. flavus and E. nidulans
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
45
v.
2
no.
2014
19
29
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_764_f02181c551c660faf5c35d01745dfade.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2013.764
Studies of Clarification of Final Beet Molasses using Charcoal
text
article
2014
eng
Beet sugar molasses studied in this investigation were kindly provided from Delta Sugar Factory, Kafr El-sheikh governorate , Egypt. During the 2011 working season. Samples of the molasses were analyzed for the following : Brix , sugar , purity , non-sugar , ash , organic non-sugar , as well as relations between analytical values characterizing beet molasses . Molasses solutions of different concentrations were clarified using charcoal. The obtained results illustrated the following conclusions:
1- Refractive index was greater accuracy in measuring the soluble solids content in molasses .
2- Approximate analysis of beet molasses were : Brix 80.20 - 81.61 , sucrose 48.36 - 49.56 , ash 12.11 - 12.35 and organic non-sugar 18.48 - 20.89 % .
3- Betaine was the most abundant nitrogenous compound found in molasses (3 – 4 %) .
4- The non-sucrose carbohydrate of molasses consist of invert sugar , usually less than 1% in molasses .
5- Other nitrogen free organic impurities in beet molasses were the acids (lactic , citric , malic , acetic and others) .
6- Best results were obtained with solution of 300 gm of beet molasses per liter and 10% of activated carbon (charcoal per 100 gm of beet molasses) .
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
45
v.
2
no.
2014
30
42
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_765_5ed41a2573f6dbb68d3aa0d2df3ca5a3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2013.765
Physico-Chemical Properties, Fatty Acids Content, Oxidative Stability and Antioxidant Activity of some Virgin Olive Oil Cultivars
text
article
2014
eng
The present study was carried out on virgin olive oil extracted from four olive cultivars namely: Chemlali, Kronaki, Frantoio and Pecual in an attempt to shed light upon physical and chemical properties of olive oils, assessment of fatty acids composition, oxidative stability of extracted oils, antioxidant activity, as well as fractionation of unsaponifiable matter by gas liquid chromatography.
The main results revealed that:
1- Chemlali fruits had the highest oil content (47.20%). Meanwhile, Pecual fruits recorded the lowest oil content (35.4%).
2- Chemlali oil recorded low acid value (0.738%). Meanwhile, Kronaki, Frantoio and Pecual samples recorded the highest values (0.845, 0.828 and 0.860%; respectively).
3- Iodine value of studied samples ranged from 82.5 to 86.5 for Chemlali and Kronaki cultivars; respectively.
4- Chemlali oil recorded the highest value of peroxide value (10.98 meq/kg). Meanwhile, the lowest value was was recorded Frantoio oils (8.77 meq/kg).
5- Kronkai oil recorded the highest percentage of unsaponifiable matter (1.84%), the lowest value was recorded for Pecual oil (1.36%).
6- Kronaki cultivar oil recorded the highest oxidative stability (26.20 hr.), followed by Chemlali, Frantoio and Pecual (23.80, 21.60 and 19.40 hr.; respectively).
7- Oleic acid was the most predominant unsaturated fatty acid in all studied samples, followed by linoleic acid. Meanwhile, palmitic acid was the major saturated fatty acid.
8- The studied virgin olive oils recorded the highest value of antioxidant activity in sunflower oil in comparison with synthetic antioxidant (BHT).
Sterol fraction represented about 29.60, 29.84, 29.45 and 29.05% of the total unsaponifiable matters of Chemlali, Kronaki, Frantoio and Pecual olive cultivar oils; respectively. Among the sterol components, b-sitosterol was the predominant component in all studied samples
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
45
v.
2
no.
2014
43
55
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_766_4ba79a66eb20f83f298888d58e3ab061.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2013.766
Quality of Deep Frying Oil as Affected By the Type of Foods and Total Frying-Use Time
text
article
2014
eng
Some quality parameters included, free fatty acids, peroxide value, iodine value, fatty acid composition as well as degree of color darkening were evaluated for mixed vegetable oil during 16 hours at 180 C° of deep-frying process. Both of potato and chicken were used as frying materials for 10 and 15 min., respectively. The results indicated that, there were gradually increase of free fatty acids and decrease of iodine value with the two types of the used foods with increasing of deep frying process time. Peroxide value, recorded initially an increase, then decreased after 14 and 6 hours of frying process of potato and chicken, respectively. During the deep frying process, the total unsaturated fatty acid content of the used oil was decreased while the total saturated fatty acid content was increased. Darkening degree of the used oil color was increased by increasing the use-time of frying process with slightly high of color darkening in case of chicken compared to that of potato frying.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
45
v.
2
no.
2014
56
66
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_767_32af3721709d8373845856533986dc8b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2013.767
Gene Expression and In Vitro Selection for Salinity Tolerance in Peanut Dhuha, S. M., Adel, S. Taghian, Hamdy, M. El-Aref and Bahaa, E. Abd-El-Fatah
text
article
2014
eng
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is considered to be one of the most important edible oil crops in the world as well as in Egypt. In the present study, tissue culture protocol was established in peanut varieties and the in vitro selection was applied to assess the possibility of obtaining salt tolerant peanut plants via tissue culture. In addition, the change in gene expression under salinity stress as revealed by protein pattern analyses was also studied. Callus and shoot regeneration were decreased with the increment of NaCl level from 50 to 150 mM in the culture medium. At higher concentration of NaCl (200mM), the cultured explants turned brown and the few developed calli failed to regenerate shoots or regenerated abnormal shoots with very low frequency in all tested varieties. A total of 1760 embryonated cotyledons from Giza-5, Gregory, Giza-7 and Giza-6 were cultured under selection conditions of salinity stress (150 mM NaCl). The selected and unselected regenerated plants in comparison to their donor parents were tested for salinity tolerance in vitro by culturing on medium supplemented with 0.0 and 150mM NaCl. The selected plants showed significant enhancement in their growth under salinity treatment, as compared with the unselected plants and their donor parents. Salinity stress treatment lead to differential expression of the genetic information in peanut, resulting from changes in gene products, including the synthesis of four new proteins and simultaneously reduced the expression of 8 proteins in the tested varieties. The newly synthesized proteins may play an important role in the mechanism(s) of salt tolerance in peanut.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
45
v.
2
no.
2014
67
80
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_769_84a0b695e79db38074c70f5e83faabf3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2014.769
Effect of Fertilization and Plant Density on Seed and Oil Productions of Nigella sativa, L
text
article
2014
eng
A field experiment was carried out in the Experimental Farm of Assiut University during 2010-2011 and 2011- 2012 seasons. The study aimed to obtain the best yield of Nigella sativa L. seeds and volatile oil per experimental unit(1× 1.5 m )by using three plant densities ; low ( 20-plant∕ plot) , medium(40-plant ∕ plot) and high ( 80-plant ∕ plot ) and four fertilizer treatments; control (without fertilization) , mineral fertilizer (NPK 70kg/fed.) , cattle manure (CM 30 m3∕ fed.) and foliar fertilization TOP STAR (NPK+TE 2g∕ l).
The results showed that low plant density increased both of seed yield and volatile oil production per plant followed with medium and high plant density with significant differences in most cases.
Using of mineral fertilizer (NPK) considerably increased both of seed yield and volatile oil per
Plant compared with unfertilized plants (control). Although same increases resulted with cattle manure and foliar fertilizer the differences were not always significant. During the first and second seasons
As yield per feddan, results showed that both of high plant density and mineral NPK fertilizer resulted in considerable higher production in both of seed and volatile oil yields compared with the other treatments.
The interaction among plant densities and the different fertilizer treatments showed that the highest yield of both seeds and volatile oil per feddan, generally, resulted with the high plant density accompanied with mineral NPK fertilization.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
45
v.
2
no.
2014
81
90
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_774_a253700db198f93de05df46cf78b2523.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2014.774
Productivity of Grafted Tomato Grown in the Summer Season Under The New Valley Environmental Conditions
text
article
2014
eng
This study was carried out at the Experimental farm of the New Valley Agriculture Research Station (EL-Kharga Oasis), New Valley, Egypt, during summer season in 2012 and 2013. Four tomato cultivars ['Castle Rock' (CR), 'Strain-B' (SB), 'Super Marmande' (SM) and 'Peto-86' (P86)] were used to determine whether grafting could improve high temperature tolerance. The experiment included 20 treatments (12 treatments were cross-grafts and 4 treatments were self-grafts, in addition, to 4 intact plant treatments). Under the conditions of this study, intact plants of cvs 'SM’ and ‘P86’ did not survive and their rootstock also neither supported their own scion (self-grafts) nor the alien scions of cvs 'CR' and 'SB’ (cross-grafts). The remaining treatments showed that self-grafted plants were superior to their corresponding intact plants especially for early harvesting and total fruit yield. Cross-grafted plants surpassed their corresponding self-grafted plants in all studied traits. Out of the current study, it is advisable to grow the cross-graft 'CR' / 'SB' or 'SB' / 'CR' for production of tomato during the stressful climatic conditions of summer season in the New Valley. The estimated vigor for total fruit yield in these two cross-grafts, respectively, over their corresponding intact plants averaged 148.9 % and 136.2 %.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
45
v.
2
no.
2014
91
103
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_776_e92c311ea7e78199ddfbbb341710b961.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2014.776
Curd Yield of Cauliflower Derived from Chilled and Hydroprimed Seeds
text
article
2014
eng
This study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, during 2012 and 2013. Two cultivar accessions of the local cauliflower "El-Soultani" were used. Six pre-sowing seed treatments were tested. These included: 1) seeds imbibed in tap water for 6 h and subjected to chilling at 4-5oC for 10 or 15 d, 2) seeds imbibed in tap water for 6 h, air dried and stored for 10 or 15 d, 3) seeds merely imbibed in tap water for 6 h and 4) untreated seeds. These seed treatments were scheduled so as to be simultaneously sown. The results revealed that the highest curd weight total yield were produced by plants derived from seeds imbibed in tap water for 6 h and subjected to chilling at 4-5oC for 15 d. The increase in total crud yield for this treatment ranged from 73.9 to 77.3% relative to control treatment (untreated). The visible curd initiation for this treatment was also earlier by 7 d, on average. It is concluded that considerable cauliflower crop enhancement can be achieved by this simple and environment friendly treatment at low added production cost. Second to this treatment was the seeds imbibed in tap water for 6 h and subjected to chilling at 4-5oC for 10 d. The seeds imbibed in tap water for 6 h, air dried and stored for 10 d came in the third order.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
45
v.
2
no.
2014
104
112
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_781_9c8da10627dff2cfaf16210ca8a67244.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2014.781