ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Combining Ability of Some Maize Top-Crosses
This investigation was conducted during 2013-2015 to determine the productivity and combining ability of some maize genotypes (74 top-crosses and two check hybrids). Genotypes evaluated at Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University at Assiut Branch. The obtained results revealed that highly significant differences were found among top-crosses and lines as well as, significant or highly significant differences between two testers and the interaction of lines x testers for all studied traits, except ear diameter for testers. Significant desirable GCA effects were found of some inbred lines for all studied traits. Line No.1 had the highest negative GCA effect for number of days to 50% tasseling. So, Line No.1 a good combiner for early tasseling. The highest GCA for grain yield/plant (28.37) was obtained from line No.2 The tester SC-10 was significantly the best general combiner for number of days to 50% tasseling, number of days to 50% silking, ear diameter and number of rows/ear while, the tester TWC-324 was significantly the best general combiner for plant height, ear length, 100-kernel weight and grain yield/plant. Significant desirable SCA effects were found of some top-crosses for all studied traits. Top cross (L8 x SC-10) gave the earliest tasseling (53 days). The highest grain yield /plant (241.37 g) was obtained from Top cross (L31 x TWC-324). The variance due to GCA-L was higher than GCA-T for all studied traits, indicating that most of GCA variance was due to lines. The variance of SCA exceeded that the variance of GCA (average) for all the studied traits, indicating that the non-additive gene action played an important role in the inheritance of all the studied traits. Contribution of lines was higher than testers for all studied traits. So, Lines played the major role in the inheritance of traits.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_914_2e792acf397f6ac6d5d3bc3a7997a092.pdf
2016-08-01
1
15
10.21608/ajas.2016.914
Combining ability
gene action
proportion contribution
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Line X Tester Mating Design for Estimation Combining Ability in Maize
This investigation was carried out to evaluate eighty top-crosses and two checks SC-155 and TWC-324 at Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University at Assiut Branch. The obtained results exhibited highly significant differences among top-crosses and lines as well as, between two testers and the interaction of lines x testers for all studied traits, except number of days to 50% silking and number of rows/ear for testers. Significant desirable GCA effects were found in some lines for all studied traits. The tester SC-128 was significantly the best general combiner for ear length, 100-kernel weight and grain yield/plant, while the tester TWC-324 was significantly the best general combiner for plant height, ear height. Significant desirable SCA effects were found of some top-crosses for all studied traits. The variance due to GCA-L was higher than GCA-T for all studied traits, indicating that most of GCA variance was due to lines. The variance of SCA exceeded the variance of GCA (average) for all the studied traits, indicating that the non-additive gene action played an important role in the inheritance of all the studied traits. The lines contributed with the large percentage and played the major role in the inheritance of all studied traits. On the other hand, the testers contributed with the smallest percentage and played the lowest role in the inheritance of all studied traits.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_915_721bfda8a9f53363d472b8e32f0a4c24.pdf
2016-08-01
16
31
10.21608/ajas.2016.915
line x tester
Combining ability
proportion contribution
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Inheritance of Seed Yield and Some Yield Components of Faba Bean Using Six Populations
Six populations P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2 of two faba bean crosses were established during winter 2013/2014 to 2014/2015 seasons and evaluated in 2015/2016 winter season at Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University at Assiut Branch. The mean values of F1 surpassed the high parent in each cross for all the studied traits, indicating over dominance. Variance estimates of the segregating generations were greater than that of the F1 and their parents. The magnitude of dominance was higher than additive effects for all studied traits in the two crosses, indicate the importance of dominance gene effects in the inheritance of all studied traits. High genetic gain was found to be associated with rather high and moderate heritability estimate for most studied traits, therefore selection for these traits in the two crosses under investigation should be effective and satisfactory.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_916_22c11772407595814a23458493dbebed.pdf
2016-08-01
32
40
10.21608/ajas.2016.916
Six population
Heterosis
inbreeding depression
heritability
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Some Cultural Practices on Shedding and Yield of Egyptian Cotton
Two field experiments were carried out in Shandaweel Agric. Res. Sta., Agric. Res. Centre, Sohage Governorate, Egypt during 2014 and 2015 seasons to study the effect of planting dates, i.e. 20th March and 20th April, fertilization rates of nitrogen and potassium with application of micronutrients as foliar spray and splitting fertilizerson shedding, yield and its attributes of Giza 90 cotton cultivar. In each season, separate trial was conducted for each planting date and the combinations between fertilization rates and splitting fertilizers rates (12 treatments) were arranged in a split plot design with 4 replicates. The combined analysis was carried out for the collected data from the two planting dates in each year using MSTAT software.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_917_7f65832ca2a98231187b0af2650dafa9.pdf
2016-08-01
41
51
10.21608/ajas.2016.917
Cotton
sowing date
shedding
fertilization
Fertilizers Splitting
Micronutrientand Yield
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of Egyptian Cotton to Alternative Irrigation Systems with NPK Rates and Frequencies Under Two Planting Dates
Six separate field trials were conducted at Shandaweel Agric. Res. Station (Sohag governorate), Egypt during 2012 season and repeated in 2013 season to study the effect of a new irrigation method with NPK rates and frequencies under two planting dates on yield and yield component of Egyptian cotton variety Giza-90. The obtained results revealed that sowing dates affected significantly all studied characters due to the variation in total amount of heat units in each date. Early planting date in March increased yield and its component (number of sympodia branches/plant, number of open boll/plant, boll weight, seed cotton yields/plant and fed.) in both seasons. In the first season, a new irrigation method, i.e. alternative irrigation system resulted the high mean values for number of sympodia/plant, number of open boll, boll weight, yields per plant and per fed. in the first planting date, but in the second date recorded high mean values for number of open boll and yield per plant. Moreover, in the second season appearance high mean values for number of open boll in the first planting date and number of sympodia/ plant, number of open boll and seed cotton yield per plant in the second planting date. Application of NPK fertilizer up to high rate 125% from the recommended NPK/fed. significantly increased number of sympodia/ plant, boll weight and seed cotton yield per fed. under the two planting dates in both season. On the other hand, 100% from the recommended NPK/fed. recorded high mean values for number of open boll and seed cotton yield per plant in the both seasons for each planting date. Splitting fertilizers five times led to increase thenumber of sympodia/plant, boll weight and seed cotton yield per fed. in the first planting date for 2012 and 2013 seasons as well as, number of sympodia/plant, seed cotton yield per fed. and number of sympodia/plant, number of open boll in 2012 and 2013 seasons respectively, for the second planting date compared with the other treatments.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_918_7d8f71aa8d14381bffdf4279b61b7fd7.pdf
2016-08-01
52
71
10.21608/ajas.2016.918
Cotton
planting date
Irrigation
fertilization
Splitting fertilizers
Yield and yield component
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Selection for Early Heading and Correlated Response in Grain Yield and its Components in Durum Wheat
Two cycles of selection were applied to the F3 generation of a cross between Bani Sweif 1/3/STJ3 and Bani Sweif 1/3/LKS4 lines to evaluate the effect of direct selection for heading date and correlated response in grain yield and its components. Significant differences among F3 families were found for heading date, plant height, no. of kernels/spike, spikes/plant, 100-kernel weight and grain yield/plant. Estimates of the phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation indicated the presence of sufficient variability for heading date and other studied traits. Phenotypic and genotypic variances expressed as PCV% and GCV% decreased rapidly after two cycles of selection for early heading. The results indicate that the two cycles of selection were enough to identify the early genotypes. Flowering time was reduced by 3.53 and 7.45 days after two cycles of selection compared to the earliest parent and the bulk of the F3-families, respectively. The results indicated that five out of the ten early selected families were significantly or highly significantly earlier than the earlier parent. Direct selection for early heading was accompanied by average decrease of 3.17, 3.76, 0.26 and 1.95% for plant height, no. of kernels/spike, 100 kernels weight and grain yield/plant, respectively, after two cycles of selection compared to the best parent. Direct selection for early heading significantly reduced grain yield/plant by 2.31, 2.45, 3.20, 5.72 and 6.98% for family no. 54, 76, 77, 68 and 50, respectively, compared with the best parent. The results should be indicated to the promising family no. 29 which was earlier and significantly increased in no. of kernels/spike, 100 grain weight and grain yield/plant.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_919_9fb6c2d5154863fc315df1506194a5de.pdf
2016-08-01
72
83
10.21608/ajas.2016.919
durum wheat
Triticum turgidum
correlated response
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Correlation, Path-coefficient, Normal and Stepwise Regression Analyses Via Two Cycles of Pedigree Selection in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L).
Correlation, path- coefficient and regression analyses are important statistical tools which can help breeders to characterized the crop populations during the selection program and select the desirable genotypes of high yield. The current study was aimed to assess these analyses during three successive seasons i.e., 2012/2013, 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 at Fac. Agric. Farm, Assiut University, Egypt. The genetic materials were two segregating bread wheat populations i.e. Debeira x Sahel and Giza 165 x Sakha 93. Grain yield/plant revealed positive and high phenotypic correlation with each of number of spikes/plant, biological yield/plant and weight of spikes/ plant in base and the two cycles of pedigree selection for grain yield/plant in both populations, respectively. It is clear that the strong correlation occurred between grain yield/plant and weight of spikes/plant in all cases. The partitioning of phenotypic correlation into direct and indirect effects by path analysis revealed that the highest direct effect on grain yield/plant was exerted by weight of spikes/plant in base and the two cycles of pedigree selection for grain yield in both populations. Simple regression analysis revealed that the weight of spikes/plant (WS/P) (model no. 6) was superior to other traits and its relative contributions (more than 0.920) in grain yield in both populations across all generations. Multiple regression analysis revealed that, in both populations, the highest contribution in grain yield as more than 96% in base and the two cycles of selection were obtained as done from the model no. 9 which included only two traits i.e. WS/P and threshing index (TI). Meanwhile, those two traits were the main predominant elements in both populations. The stepwise regression analysis revealed to three fitted models for each of base and cycle one as well as two superior models for cycle two of selection in population I. Meanwhile, two fitted models were exhibited for each of base and cycle one and four efficient models released from cycle two of selection in population II. The model no. 1 in all cases included only the WS/P in both populations. It is remark results that the relative contribution of WS/P in grain yield/plant was decreased from 0.921, to 0.843 and to 0.782 and from 0.965, to 0.922 and to 0.840 for base, cycle one and cycle two of selection in population I and II, respectively. Moreover, the model no. 2 in all cases, also, included two traits of WS/P and TI in both populations, which increased the relative contribution for grain yield/plant from 0.921 to 0.988 in base, from 0.843 to 0.969 in cycle one and from 0.782 to 0.993 in cycle two of pedigree selection in population I. As well as from 0.965 to 0.994 in base, from 0.922 to 0.989 in cycle one and from 0.840 to 0.997 in cycle two of selection in population II.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_920_e18307bf64c83336821d7ed7f4792fbd.pdf
2016-08-01
84
108
10.21608/ajas.2016.920
correlation
path-coefficient
normal and stepwise regressions
pedigree selection
Bread wheat
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Bread Wheat Grain Soaking in Different Titanium Dioxide Concentrations on the Yield and its Components
Titanium (Ti) is a very interesting chemical element, so it shows beneficial effects on various physiological parameters of plants at low concentrations. This study was conducted at Agronomy Department Experimental Farm, Agriculture Faculty, Assiut University during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons to study the effect of bread wheat grains soaking in different titanium dioxide concentrations on the yield and its components. The experiment was layout in randomize complete blocks design (RCBD) using split-plot arrangement with three replicates. Soaking times (12, 18 and 24 hour) were arranged in main plots, while the titanium dioxide nanoparticles concentrations (0.00, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03%) were arranged in sub- plots. The obtained results showed that all studied traits except spike number/ m2 in both seasons and kernel weight spike-1 in the first season only didn’t affected significantly by soaking times. Here too, all studied traits reacted significantly to titanium dioxide nanoparticles concentrations as compared to control (without titanium dioxide nanoparticles). In addition, titanium dioxide nanoparticles at 0.02% or 0.03% increased almost studied traits. Thus, wheat grains soaked before sowing at 0.03% titanium dioxide nanoparticles concentration for 24 hour produced the highest mean value of grain yield (25.0ardab fad-1) in the first season, while in the second season the superiority observed when wheat grains soaked at 0.01% titanium dioxide nanoparticles concentration for 18 hour (23.5 ardab fad-1) with no significant difference between this treatment and grain soaked at 0.02% titanium dioxide nanoparticles concentration for 12 hour which yielded 23.2 ardab fad-1.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_921_86ef46357548c3beb37e7d14da0d57dc.pdf
2016-08-01
109
118
10.21608/ajas.2016.921
Nanoparticles titanium dioxide
Wheat
Yield and yield components
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Whole Cassava Root and Yam Tubers on Performance of Grasscutter (Thryonomusswindarianus) Held in Captivity
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of whole cassava root and yam tubers on performance of grass cutter. Twenty-seven young male grass cutter (Thyrononysswindarianus), 5-7 months old with an average body weight of679.00±1.95g were used in a completely randomized design experiment lasted for 12 weeks. Animals were groupedto three groups with nine animals per group, balanced for body weight (680.20.20± 1.80g, 678.50± 2.15g and 679.00± 1.90g) and designated as Gl, G2, and G3 groups respectively. Grass cutter in Gl was fed 200g/h/d of pelleted growers mash, G2 was offered 100g/h/d of pelleted growers mash and 200g/h/d of cassava tuber while G3 was served 100g/h/d of pelleted growers mash and 200g/h/d of fresh yam tuber. Fresh water was provided without restriction during the time of the trial. The results showed that crude protein and ash contents of the diet Gl, and G3 diets decreased compared to Gl diet. Dry matter and ether extract decrease in diet G2 to G3 compared to G1, while crude fibre and nitrogen free extract increased in G2 group compared to G1 and G3 groups and oxalate increased in G3 compared to G1 and G2 while Tanin % increase in G2 compared to G1 and G3 respectively. Dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, weight gain and growth rate were higher (P<0.05) in G2 animals compared to G3 and G1 respectively. These results suggested that whole cassava roots and yam tubers can be included in grass cutter diet without any adverse effects on animals. However, cassava rooted-based diet improved performance of grass cutter held in captivity.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_922_047c0892cd216d8ee11d830bf457b11b.pdf
2016-08-01
119
123
10.21608/ajas.2016.922
Cassava roots
Yamtubers
grasscutter
performance
Captivity
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular Identification of Some Stem Rust and Yellow Rust Resistance Genes in Egyptian Wheat and Some Exotic Genotypes
Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, and yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss. (Pst), are the most important wheat diseases. The study used molecular characterization and identification of candidate lines and cultivars for predicting stem rust and yellow rust resistance genes (Sr2, Sr28, Sr35, Sr40; Yr10, Yr15 and Yr18), respectively. The result of this study showed that the analysis of four Egyptian cultivars and three Libyan local cultivars and three advanced breeding lines from CIMMYT and ICARDA for a marker linked to individual gene, Sr2 was present in all test genotypes, Sr28 was present in six genotypes, Sr35 was present in four genotypes,Sr40 was present in two genotypes. Likewise, Yr10 was present in two genotypes, Yr15 in six genotypes and Yr18 wasn’t found in any of the tested genotypes. These markers should be useful in marker-assisted pyramiding of stem rust and yellow rust resistance genes to develop new cultivars with multiple gene resistance against stem rust, yellow rust races in Egyptian wheat.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_923_3b51cf4e6b068a56098419c0519cfa77.pdf
2016-08-01
124
135
10.21608/ajas.2016.923
Wheat
stem rust
yellow rust
ISSR
Molecular characterization
Sr Genes
Yr Genes
resistance genes
molecular markers
SSRs
Egyptian wheat
Exotic genotypes
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Some Seeded Dry Date Palm Grown Under Aswan Climatic Condition
This study was carried out through 2014 and 2015 seasons to evaluate some seeded dry date palm grown in Aswan governorate, Egypt. Their local name, Abd elnaby 1, 2, 3, El-masry 1, 2, Khaled ebn elwalid, Abas gaffer, Radwan and Ali Aamer date palm compared to Sakkoty cv. which is one of the commercial dry cultivar vegetative traits. Yield components and fruit quality as well as numerical evaluation and molecular genetics were investigated.
The obtained results indicated that Ali Aamer date palm type had the highest values of most studied vegetative traits compared to the other studied types. On the other hand, the least values of such traits were recorded of Sakkoty cultivar. El-masry 2 type gave the highest yield components followed by Khaled ebn elwalid and Radwan types, whereas, Abd elnaby 1 gave the least one compared to other studied types. No significant difference was found among Abd elnaby 2, Ali Aamer and Sakkoty cultivar. Khaled ebn elwalid type had the highest values of fruit quality followed by El-masry and Abas gaffer types, whereas, Sakkoty cultivar gave the lowest one compared to the other studied types.
As the numerical evaluation of date palm types, it could be arranged in a descendingly order as follows: Khaled ebn elwalid (86.2), El-masry 2 (84.4), Ali Aamer (81.5), Abas gaffer (80.9), Radwan (77.9), El-masry 1 (77.3), Abd elnaby 3 (76.8), Abd elnaby 2 (72.7), Sakkoty (68.2) and Abd elnaby 1 (67.7 units).
The ISSR data were used to estimate the genetic similarity among the nine date palm strains by using UPGMA computer analysis. The highest similarity index (1.0) was recorded between Abd elnaby 1 and Abas gaffer, while the lowest similarity index was detected (0.0) between El-masry 2 and Ali Aamer. A dendrogram for the genetic relationship among the nine date palm strains was found.
These results revealed that seeded date palm named El-masry 2, Abas gaffer, Khaled ebn elwalid, Ali Amer and Radwan are considered promising to be new strains to obtain a high yield with good fruit quality compared to Sakkoty date palm cultivar.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_924_63863e1eb526fbb6d58219770c09c9be.pdf
2016-08-01
136
155
10.21608/ajas.2016.924
date palm
yield
fruit quality
ISSR
PCR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Ethanol-Extracted Propolis on Fruit Quality and Storability of Balady Oranges During Cold Storage
This investigation was carried out during 2012 and 2013 seasons to study the effect of ethanol extracted propolis (EEP) at 2, 3 and 5% on fruit quality and storability of Balady Orange fruits during cold storage. Propolis was applied once or twice pre and post harvest then the fruits were stored at 5-7°C with 90±5 RH for ten weeks.
Prolonging cold storage significantly increased weight loss %, undesirable fruits %, TSS% and TSS/acid ratio while gradually decreased total acidity and vitamin C content. All propolis treatments significantly decreased fruit weight loss % and undesirable fruit % compared to untreated fruits. On the other hand, all treatments failed to show any significant effects on fruit quality parameters. No significant effects were observed due to using propolis once at post-harvest or twice pre and post-harvest. The best treatment was using EEP at 5% dipped once at post-harvest which prolong cold storage period without great reduction in fruit quality.
It is recommended to dip 5% (EEP) at post-harvest extend life and keep fruit quality of Balady Oranges during cold storage instead of using fungicides in order to save human health and environment.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_925_db16965e0cc394cb73fa5d4f72537ef3.pdf
2016-08-01
156
166
10.21608/ajas.2016.925
Propolis
fruit quality
storability
Cold storage
citrus
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Available Phosphorus Assessment of Gharb El-Mawhoob Soils, El-Dakhla Oasis, Egypt
Thirty-four soil samples were collected from Garb El-Mawhob soils, northwest of El-Dakhla oasis, New Valley governorate, Egypt to evaluate the soil available phosphorus and its relation with the properties of these soils. These samples were taken from the surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface layers (30- 60 cm) of 17 soil profiles covered the study area. Most of the soil samples had a texture of loamy sand, sandy clay loam and clay. In most cases, the studied soils showed mild alkaline pH (7.4 to 7.8) values. The electrical conductively (ECe) and CaCO3 of these soils varied from low to high levels and ranged from 1.05 to 163 dS/m and from 2.2 to 57.58%, respectively. The soil organic matter content differed from 0.08 to 2.27%. Also, the soluble cations and anions in most of the studied soils followed the order of Ca+2 >Na+> Mg+2 > K+ and Cl- > SO4= > HCO3-, respectively. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SARe) of these soils were ranged from 6.58 to 57.49 cmolcÅ/kg and from 0.11 to 45.18%, respectively.
The NaHCO3-extractable soil phosphorus of these soils varied from 2.25 to 65.35 mg/kg in the surface layer and from 3.34 to 24.49 mg/kg in the subsurface one. In general, about 50% of the studied soil samples had a low level of available P (< 6 mg/kg), 24% of them showed a medium level (6 -10 mg/kg) and 26% of them contained a high level of available P (>10 mg/kg). Moreover, the studied soil samples that had clay and clay loam textures contained a high level of available P than those having other textures. The available P showed highly significant positively correlation, with some soil properties, such as OM, HCO3-, CEC and silt contents, while it was negatively correlated with ECe, Na+,CaCO3 and Ca+2.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_927_2b24b58ac8f8427b7566cbd9262d0937.pdf
2016-08-01
186
200
10.21608/ajas.2016.927
Available phosphorus
soil physical-chemical properties
El-Dakhla soils
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of Phosphorus and Sulphur Application on Yield, Phosphorus and Micronutrients Uptake by Wheat Plants
A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm Station of Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agricultural, Assiut University, during 2013/2014 growth season to investigate the effect of application of phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) on yield, and the uptake of phosphorus and some micronutrients by wheat plants. The treatments comprised of three P levels (0, 30, 60 kg P2O5 fed-1) and three S levels (0, 100, 200 kg S fed-1) in different combinations. Applications of P at 30 and 60 kg P2O5 fed-1 showed significant increases in the main straw yield of wheat of 4.45 to 10.50%, respectively, over the control. Also, S addition at 100 and 200 kg S fed-1 resulted in a significant increase in the main wheat straw yield of 1.51 and 3.11 % over the control, respectively. Moreover, a respective significant increase in the main grain yield of 3.58 to 9.56 % was observed due to application of the two P levels, but both applied S levels caused a respective significant increase in the main grain yield of 1.50 to 3.08 % over the control. The application effect of both P and S was synergistic at all applied levels. Applying P at levels of 30 and 60 kg P2O5 fed-1 produced an increase in the main P uptake of 23.19 and 54.23 % by wheat straw, respectively, and 11.89 and 28.83% by wheat grains, respectively, over the control. Also, S applications caused similar effect on the main P uptake by both straw and grains. Moreover, the highest applied P level caused increases in main Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu uptakes of 43.32, 48.65, 36.37 and 69.75 %, respectively, by the straw, respectively, and increases in main Zn, Mn and Cu uptakes of 36.37, 16.92 and 75.02%, respectively, by the grains over the control, and decreases in the Fe uptake of 1.63% by grain . In addition, the highest S applied level resulted in increases in the main uptake of Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu of 21.29, 22.52, 53.32 and 58.83%, respectively, by the straw and 15.04, 16.12, 26.18 and 28.16%, respectively, by the grains over the control.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_928_fd278fc31b2d5196d2ee7ad3ed406823.pdf
2016-08-01
201
214
10.21608/ajas.2016.928
Phosphorus: Sulphur
Wheat
Straw yield
Grain yield
Micronutrient uptake
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Role of Economic Integration Between Egypt, Libya and Sudan on Intra- Trade of the Main Food Groups and Commodities
The aim of this study is to define the effect of economic integration between Egypt, Libya and Sudan on their intra and outside trade of main food groups and commodities, The study used many of the quantitative analytical Methods to achieve its aim.
The study achieved the following results:
1- Despite the low volume of intra-regional trade of the main food groups and commodities between Egypt, Libya and Sudan, but it shows that there is an increase in intraregional trade rate between these countries where Egypt's exports to Libya increase by about 10.80% of grain, 9.23%of oilseed, 20.64% of oils, 17.86% of legumes, 20.69 of tubers, 26.18% of vegetables, 17.37% of fruits, 22.73% of Dairy, and 23.42% of sugar, while the rate of the increase in Egypt's exports to Sudan amounted to about 18.71% of oil, 17.58% of legumes, 23.36% of vegetables, 21.09% in fruits, 18.46% of dairy, and 22%of sugar, The rate of increase in Sudan's exports to Libya from oilseeds amounted to about 15.72 .
2- Realizing an economic integration between these countries can:
a- Increase the intra- trade of food groups and commodities by about1906.5 million dollars which represent about1386% from current intra trade of these commodities.
b- Reduce total external trade of Agricultural commodities of Egypt, Libya and Sudan by about 21.2%.
3- In lights of the above results its seems that establishment of an economic integration between the three countries serves the national security of these countries
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_929_70d87166a9072570295d8f68bec83e79.pdf
2016-08-01
215
233
10.21608/ajas.2016.929
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Economics of the Date's Production in Siwa Oasis in Matrouh Governorate
Comes dates in the second place in terms of the economic importance of the area amounted to about 5.4 thousand feddans, and the number of female fruitful Siwa center about 220 thousand date palm in 2014, distributed on several items, alsiwi used in the industry of Al-agoza, alfrehe which of the items dry lands, Al-azzawi, taktakt and other items used for the production of some cattle feed and others do not represent the production of economic value.
The problem in a decline in the average number of fruitful female dates at the level of the oasis of Siwa, where decreased from about 500 thousand date palm in 2000 to about 220 thousand date palm 2014 any by almost half, which led to the decrease in the production of dates from about 31.5 thousand tons in 2003 to about 20.2 thousand tons in 2014, which indicates that the production was exposed to many of the problems of productivity and marketing, and therefore the deterioration in the dates production Siwa Oasis, despite the state's efforts for the development of production, the last of which was the first international conference dates held at the oasis of Siwa October 2015.
The research aims primarily to the study of the economics of dates production in Siwa Oasis Matrouh Governorate, through a study of the current situation of production, the study of algorithmic functions of production costs, identify the efficiency and productivity, economic and farmers, the study of the most important problems productivity and marketing facing the producers of dates in the oasis, in order to propose a set of solutions and put it to the decision makers to help in the development and the development of the vital sector.
The most important findings are the following:
For planting area dates in Siwa Oasis has taken the general trend increased and the statistically moral at the level of the morale of 1%, hitting about 0.045 thousand feddans, as for the number of females palm trees and fruitful cooperation had been a general trend moral decreased statistically, which amounted to 0.017 million palm trees. For productivity mean has taken the general trend of moral decreased statistically, which amounted to 0.215 tons/ feddan. And for the overall production of dates was found had taken general trend of moral decreased statistically, which amounted to 0.91 tons.
Studying the impact of each of area (x1), and the number of palm trees and fruitful cooperation (x2), productivity (x3), to the production of the Governorates of deserts of dates after several attempts to indicate that the area (x1), productivity (x3) are working the most impact on the total production of dates, and found that both increasing by unity, this leads to an increase in total production of dates at about 3.95, 5.03 tons respectively.
It has been possible to estimate the size that maximizes profit in the long term to approximately 3680.56 pounds, assuming the rule of full competition, as in size which maximizes profit about advanced 15.79 tons which is reached through the cultivation of an estimated 3.19 acres.
As for estimating the size decrease costs amounted to about 5.79 tons of the farm, and are reached through the cultivation of an area of about 2.81 acres. Assess the flexibility of the costs they reached about 0.953 since the value of this parameter less than one, this confirms that the production in the sample farms, in the first phase of the law of diminishing, in order to increase the production of these farms should work to intensify further the resources used in production.
The assessment of the production function shows that indicate the existence of a direct relationship between positive production quantity (Y), and all )X1) in area fruitful, (X2) number of palm trees and fruitful, (x3) the total number of workers, (x4) the amount of the fertilizer cubic meters, (x5) the level of education, as it increased the independent factors above-mentioned by 1% lead to increased productivity meanwhile up to 0.315%, 0.697%, 0.114%, 0.107%, 0.025% respectively.
It also indicates the total overall elasticity's of form of about 1.3, that of productivity of a sample of the study, a function of increasing revenue capacity, any that every increase estimated at about 1% in quantities used independent variables, leading to an increase in the amount of the final product upgrade Al-dates by more than 1.3%.
Examining the productive constraints faced palm growers dates exclusive study, was the problem of low prices and control wholesale dealers (x14) in the first place where the increase of weighted about 100%, came in the second place the problem of low demand for remnants of palm trees by about 95.83%, was ranked third each of strong winds (x1), the proliferation of pests and insects (x3) by about hitting 94.44%, in fourth place, the proliferation of grass (x10), where the increase of weighted about 73.61% fifth, damage caused by flu (x11) by 62.50% sixth, a shortage of irrigation water (x4) by Wednesday fell 56.94% and was ranked seventh problem of the High Water Level Ground Floor (x5) by 55.56%, both from the rise in the cost of labor (x2), the lack of skilled worker (x6), high transport costs to places of sale (x12) ranked eighth by Reached 54.17%, and Ninth high proportion of waste (x7), where the increase of weighted about 52.78%, finally came in the tenth and last of the prices of production input (x8), the absence of an agricultural exchange rate (x13), where the increase of weighted about 51.39%. It was recommended that research:
1- Activating the role of the private associations and cooperatives with regard to the provision of technical information and finance required for the production and marketing of dates.
2-The attention of the Indicative side and training to raise the professional competence and Palm growers dates and assist them in the production of product specifications of high quality.
3- The support and encouragement of research institutions to develop new types of dates and compatible with the requirements of the world market.
4- The development of the clearance of irrigation and drainage networks and expansion in the establishment of networks of exchange and covered.
5- Interest in the study of insect pests and diseases that afflict palm trees and find the best ways to remedy them technically and economically, with recommend the application of integrated.
6- Preparation of a database and information on agricultural statistics in general and dates special and staffed by professional researchers to adopt in their reports on the actual data and proper depend in their estimates of the preview based on statistical basis and not on a personal estimates in an arbitrary fashion.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_930_117dc82ed1992e5a809568bf9d7d4606.pdf
2016-08-01
234
250
10.21608/ajas.2016.930
Production Altamor- Siwa Oasis Matrouh governorate
mrsy
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Current and Future Position of the Production and Consumption of Red Meat and its Demand in Egypt
Representing livestock in Egypt, 40.65 % of the average monetary value of agricultural production during (2011-2013), amounting to approximately 266 616 million pounds, and it is consider tend to the only source of animal protein and amino acids essential to the human body. The individualtend to bring replace animal protein vegetable protein with a high level of income. The study aimed to shed light on the evolution of the production and consumption of red meat from different sources and the most important determinants of demand during (1998 - 2013).
It turned out that there is a statistically significant increase in the number of live animals and numbers slains each of the cows, buffalo, sheep and goats, while there is a statistically significant increase in the quantities of meat derived from cattle and buffalo and camels. As it turns out that there is an annual increase in both ofindividualnational consumption by about 36.27, 0.210 thousand tons per year respectively, The study also shows by that estimating the demandfunction of red meat is that the main factor is the amount of imports of red meat, as it increased the amount of imports of red meat results in increased per capita and that the relationship that bound together are a direct correlation, And the total flexibility of these factors combined with about 0.235 a positive value .
The study recommends the attention of animal production and providing sector and encourages investment in the field of red meat fattening farms; increasing farm animals have produced productivity through the introduction of modern breeds and improving bred and nurtured methods.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_931_d4bc36fb998d2d1c02e16820df211948.pdf
2016-08-01
251
262
10.21608/ajas.2016.931
Egypt-red meat production and consumption
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Economic Study of the Impact of Technological Varieties of Most Important Cereal Crops on Agricultural Development in Egypt
Horizontal and vertical axes of agricultural expansion are the basis for agricultural development. According to limited and scarcity of land and water resources available to Egypt, with increased investments required for the reclamation of new land. We highlight the importance of using biotechnology to develop crop production through the development and improvement of varieties, and then cover the food gap, which is increased over time, contribute to reducing the shortage on the agricultural trade balance. Therefore, the research aims to study the effect of modifying the installation of breeds of wheat and rice in the total production and the food gap of wheat, also, in the total production and export surplus of rice, and their impact on the agricultural development in Egypt. Where the study depends on the statistical analysis like the one way analysis of variance method adopted in one direction coupled with using of the least significant difference L.S.D, compared to the average productivity of different varieties of the study crops.
Based on the results of analysis of variance and L.S.D, results showed it can redistribute the wheat in patch according to standard productivity by substitution Gemmayzeh 9 high productivity variety replace the rest of the varieties in the north governorates, and Beni Swaif 1 high productivity variety replace other varieties in the upper Egypt.
And this would be entail total production increasing of wheat from about 47.963 million ardebs to 44.317 million ardebs, an increase equivalent about 0.547 million tons, representing about 7.9 % of the gap size which estimated about 6.92 million tons in the same year, about 5.8 % of the actual production of the same season which estimated about 9.46 million tons. Therefore, the substitution Gemmayzeh 9 maritime the north governorates, and Beni Swaif 1 in upper Egypt governorates, high self-sufficiency rate from 57.8% to 61%, and reduce imports of wheat by about 0.547 million tons valued at about 0.43 billion dollars according to the import prices for 2013.
For rice, the study recommends establishing a Hybrid class 1 replaces the rest of the varieties, this results in increased exports about 1 million tons worth 576.4 million dollars according to the export price $ 576.4 per ton of rice in 2013. Approximately, in the same year, it can double the amount of exports of rice or at least reduce Rice-cultivated area about 250 thousand Fadden planted to corn to save water.
Moreover, this will only lead to increased Egyptian national income and contributes actively in development.
So the study recommend that: in choosing varieties that fit the environmental conditions in wheat and rice growing areas, and the Ministry of agriculture in providing and distributing seeds to farmers in accordance with quality of variety map in different regions of the Republic. Increase guiding role to publicize the benefits of using these improved seeds and its role in increasing production, as well as reduced prices for certified wheat and rice seeds, commensurate with farmers capabilities increasing use.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_932_d2b06bc053223b0442414fe4bf4b3ff1.pdf
2016-08-01
263
279
10.21608/ajas.2016.932
Agricultural development-cereal crops-economic impact of technological Study-Egypt
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Plastic Mulch Color on Growth and Productivity of Different Summer Squash Varieties Grown Off-Season
The current study describes the effect of coloured plastic mulch, clear and black polyethylene (PE), on growth and productivity of different summer squash varieties grown on February “off-season”. A field experiment was carried out during 2012 and 2013 seasons at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. The performance of different parameters studied for plant received different mulch treatments was superior to the control (bare soil) treatment. The genotypic differences among squash varieties investigated were found significant for all the studied parameters. Clear PE mulch was significantly more effective than the black PE mulch in this respect. Plants of cvs sown on clear PE flowered earlier than those sown on black PE or bare soil.Total fruit yield (ton/fed) was significantly increased by using clear PE (total fruit yield was 12.61 and 12.94 ton/fed in the 1 st and 2 nd seasons, respectively; corresponding values for the bare soil were 7.61 and 7.74 ton/fed). Plants of ‘Eskandrany’ produced using clear PE were significantly the earliest to flower and gave the highest early and total fruit yield. It is concluded that mulching, especially clear PE, can be usefully utilized to enhance the summer squash production when grown off-season.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_1917_0ffdf4ed3df5b2af55054c1e2ce20eaa.pdf
2016-08-01
167
177
10.21608/ajas.2016.1917
Cucurbita pepo
off-season
Plastic mulch
Production Technology
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Planting Spaces and Cutting Tuber on Quality Characteristics of Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.)
The experiment was conducted out in private farm during 2012- 2013 and 2013- 2014 agricultural seasons, to study the effect of plant spacing and cutting of tuber on quality characteristics of potato (Desiree cultivar). The experiment included 6 treatments, which were the combination between two plant spacing (30 and 15 cm between hills) and three treatments of tuber cutting complete tuber cutting on to two parts and four The six treatments were arranged on randomized complete block design with four replicates.
The results are summarized as follows:
1- The combination of Cutting tuber in to two parts with planting space 30 cm had no significant effect for all characters, but their was significant decrease in all studied characters, when tuber were cutted in two parts and planted at 15cm spacing compared to control treatment during 2012- 2013 and 2013- 2014 agricultural seasons.
2- Cutting tubers in four parts with planting spacing 30cm or 15 cm gave significant decrease in all studied characters compared to control treatment during 2012- 2013 and 2013- 2014 agricultural seasons.
3- There was no significant decreasing effect on all. These is studied characters when potato tuber was planted with compete tuber (without cutting) compared to control treatment 30 cm.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_1918_6f3b29434d0cb673550e696eee7992e6.pdf
2016-08-01
178
185
10.21608/ajas.2016.1918
planting spaces
cutting tuber
potato
quality characteristics