ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Inbreeding Effects on Some Growth and Yield Traits of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
The present investigation was carried out during 2010 and 2011 seasons to study the effects of inbreeding depression in sunflower. In 2010 season, Giza102 an open-pollinated cultivar of sunflower was planted at Shandaweel Agric. Res. Stn., ARC. 100 plants were selected and selfed. After harvest, 23 S1 lines which produced enough seed were chosen for evaluation in the next season. In 2011 season, 23 S1 lines and Giza102 were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experiment with three replicates. Data were recorded on days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, stalk diameter, head diameter, 100-achene weight, achene yield/plant, achene yield/plot and oil content. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among S1 lines for all studied traits. Broad sense heritability showed high estimates for all the studied traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variability (P.C.V) for various traits were relatively higher than genotypic coefficient of variability (G.C.V) for the S1 per se. Oil content was negatively and not significant correlated with head diameter, 100-achene weight, achene yield/plant and achene yield/plot. Achene yield/plot was positively and significant correlated with head diameter, 100-achene weight and yield/plant. The reduction of yield/plot of the S1 lines was 2.68% of the base pop. Achene yield/plot of 10 S1 lines per se were significantly or highly significantly fewer than the base pop. Giza102, while 8 S1 lines per se exceeded significantly or highly significant than the base pop. Giza102. The decrease in oil content due to inbreeding was 2.25%. Most of the S1 lines were less than the base population. The best ten S1 lines per se were Nos.1, 7, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20 and 21, which gave the higher oil content and some other desirable character were selected and used as parents to produce the first cycle selection
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_585_3b387ee5f7134587280bb192b6f2b11b.pdf
2014-03-01
33
44
10.21608/ajas.2014.585
Sunflower
Helianthus annuus
Genetic variability
inbreeding depression
In-bred lines
A.
ahmed
atif@aun.edu.eg
1
Agronomy Depart., Fac. of Agric. Assiut Univ.,
AUTHOR
Bahy
Bakheit
bahy@aun.edu.eg
2
Agronomy Depart., Fac. of Agric. Assiut Univ.,
AUTHOR
A.
El-Shimy
3
Oil Crops Res. Depart., Field Crops Res. Institute. A.R.C. Egypt
AUTHOR
Attia
A.
4
Oil Crops Res. Depart., Field Crops Res. Institute. A.R.C. Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of some Aromatic Plant Oils on Thermo Oxidative Stability of Sun Flower Oil
Essential oils were obtained from four selected aromatic plants namely: clove, fennel, rosemary and thyme. Their contents of total polyphenols were determined. The antioxidant activities of the studied aromatic plant oils on sunflower oil comparing with the synthetic antioxidant Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) were determined by a Rancimat apparatus. Antioxidative effect of the extracted aromatic plant oils on the oxidative stability of sunflower oil during heating up to 18 hours was also evaluated. The obtained results indicated that, the studied aromatic plants were rich in phenolic contents which ranged from 9.32 to 19.82 mg as gallic acid/100g on dry weight base.
The highest level of total phenolics was found in rosemary followed by fennel and clove, while thyme recorded the lowest.
The induction periods determined by Rancimat for sunflower oil treated by 200 ppm of (BHT) or 400 ppm of extracted aromatic plant oils were greater than that of control with more efficiency by using the aromatic oils. Beside, addition of aromatic plant oils to sunflower oil minimized peroxidation and increased its oxidative stability during hating up to 18 hours.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_592_f25c9f30b09f282c05242b50ae3eb0dc.pdf
2014-03-01
45
57
10.21608/ajas.2014.592
Aromatic plant
Polyphenols
antioxidant
induction period
sunflower oil
A.
El-Kashef
1
Food Science and Technology Dept., Faculty of Agric., Assiut University
AUTHOR
Mohamed
A. Rashwan
mohamed.rashwan@agr.au.edu.eg
2
Food Science and Technology Dept., Faculty of Agric., Assiut University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Soumia
Darwish
soumia.darwish@aun.edu.eg
3
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut Univer-sity
AUTHOR
Ahmed
A. Khalifa
ahmed.khalifa@agr.au.edu.eg
4
Food Science and Technology Dept., Faculty of Agric., Assiut University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Picloram and Thidiazuron Concentrations on Prolif-eration Somatic Embryos from Immature Inflorescence of Date palm
Immature inflorescences of date palm(Phoenix dactylifer) cv.Sewi were used as explants for in vitro culture to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators oninflorescence proliferation. The inflorescences on initiation stage cultured on solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented withPicloram 1, 5, 10 and 15 mg l-1 for two re-cultures. Then, transferred into medium supplemented with different concentrations of TDZ combined with NAA on proliferate stage. The optimal concentrations for successful inflorescence growth was 5 or 10 mg l-1 Picloram and through studying the residuals effect of Picloram on inflorescences proliferation in the presence of three concentrations of TDZ, it found that, 0.5 mg l-1 TDZ combined with 0.1 mg l-1 NAA was more effective to induce direct somatic embryos and gave the highest inflorescence proliferation percentage, while the high level of Picloram induced callus. Vegetative shoots formed into media containing 0.1 NAA mg l-1, 0.2 mg l-1 BA and 0.2 mg l-1 kin. All somatic embryos were converted successfully to healthy normal plantlets which could be transferred to greenhouse.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_593_d311c43abb3288f05aef9bac4791cb7a.pdf
2014-03-01
58
67
10.21608/ajas.2014.593
Phoenix dactylifera
in vitro inflorescences
direct somatic embryos
Picloram
TDZ
Rehab
Sidky
sidky1234rehab@hotmail.com
1
The Central laboratory of Date palm Researches and Development, Agric. Research Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identification Key for some Acarid Mites (Acari: Acaridae) Extracted from Termite Nests with Description of Two New Species
The study herein presents brief characterizations and an identification key for some acarid mites collected from the nests of sand termite, Psammotermes hypostoma Desneux (Isoptera), in addition to the description of two Acaridae species. Samples (termite nests) were collected monthly from western desert (30 km North of El- Kharga city/ New Valley Governorate /Egypt). Mites inhabiting termite nests were isolated and identified. The identification key for the Acaridae species is simple and easy to understand and the diagnosis is in most cases based on genera and species. The results of taxonomic examination concerning the Acaridae mites living in termite nests are given. Two new acarid mite species are described and illustrated hereunder.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_594_8aba636cea2151a3378fb46dcccbce0f.pdf
2014-03-01
68
82
10.21608/ajas.2014.594
Acari
Acaridae
identification
Termite
Egypt
S.
Eraky
elsayed.eleraki@agr.aun.edu.eg
1
Plant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agric., Assiut Univ., Assiut 71516 Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
I. Ahmed
ahmed.farghali@agr.au.edu.eg
2
Plant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agric., Assiut Univ., Assiut 71516 Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Population Dynamic of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urti-cae Koch and its Associated Insect Predators on some Okra Varieties
The current study focused on the two-spotted spider mite, T. urticae and its associated insect predators on some okra varieties, cultivated in the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University. In this study, the mite and three insect predators were surveyed on eight okra varieties. The simultaneous impact of certain environmental variable factors and other factors on the census of the mite pest and its predators revealed that, temperature, relative humidity and plant age were the most vital factors influenced the population densities of these species. On the other side, the sensitivity of okra varieties to the pest injury and the success of predation depend mainly on the intensity of the capillaries on the plant leaves. In the present study, it become clear that, the okra varieties with heavy capillaries leaves (such as: Lee and Askandrany) hinder predation of mite predators and at the same time is considered a refuge and protection of the mite pest.
The census of the two-spotted spider mite eggs and motile stages on okra varieties revealed that, all the pest stages increased to enumerate through the summer season and the least number was recorded during winter one, while the rest two seasons were inbetween.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_595_36a0032e2dbc80942c4dc789dd23efb0.pdf
2014-03-01
83
99
10.21608/ajas.2014.595
The two-spotted spider mite
okra varieties
Population dynamics
Insect predators
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Fish Farming Land use on Some Soil Chemical Properties and Availability of Some Micronutrients
Nile river Delta contains the major agricultural and aquacultural base lands in Egypt. Fish farming lands are spread in the northern part of the Nile Delta. Soil/sediments in fish ponds of the Delta are drained and disposed for improving the conditions of bottoms. Land uses include upland cultivation, and short- and long-term of catfish production. It was worthy to examine the influence of fish land use on some soil properties and the availability of some soil micronutrients. Ten soil profiles were chosen to represent the most popular uses of soils in the northern Nile part of the Delta including fish farming. A virgin soil was used as a reference for making comparison among the different practices. The available content of soil Fe, Mn and Cu and their relation with soil properties were studied. The results showed that the available Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in the catfish pond soils were higher than north upland cultivated and virgin soils. Available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn decreased with increasing the duration use of catfish pond soils and cultivated soils, while available Zn increased with increasing duration of cultivated soil. Available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn showed significant correlations with soil properties. The results may be applicable to other river delta areas of the world.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_596_6858751cd6d7ebc47ad99beeda251aae.pdf
2014-03-01
100
115
10.21608/ajas.2014.596
Micronutrients
fish ponds
Nile Delta soils
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Using Partial Equilibrium Model in Measuring the Impact of Economic Liberalization Policies on Wheat Crop in Egypt
The object of this study handle impact of economic liberalization policies on the producer, consumer and government for wheat crop in Egypt during the period 1976-2011 the time series period subject analysis is divided to three periods, the first one represent period before liberalization the second is partial liberalization, and the third is full liberalization.
To achieve the objective the study applied many different analysis tools for exploring these impacts so it has been used econometric methods, dummy variables regression for structural changes and partial equilibrium model for agricultural price policies.
Some of the results of the study are:
1- The economic liberalization policies have statistical significance effect with increasing area, yield, total production, farm gate price, quantity of consumption and quantity of import of wheat crop.
2- The nominal protection coefficient for products is 0.49, 0.76, 1.13 for the period before liberalization, the second is partial liberalization and the third is full liberalization, respectively.
3- The nominal protection coefficient for consumer is 0.70, 1.16, 1.56 for the period before liberalization, the second is partial liberalization and the third is full liberalization, respectively.
4- Net economic loss in production is about 27.3 million EGP for the period before liberalization, it rised to about 42.1 million EGP for the second is partial liberalization due to support and decrease to about 13.4 million EGP in the third is full liberalization.
5- Net economic loss consumption is about 32, 64.1, 470.4 million EGP for the period before liberalization, the second is partial liberalization and the third is full liberalization respectively.
6- Change in producer surplus rised loss about 229, 725 million EGP in the period before liberalization and partial liberalization respectively, while it has reached a gain of about 1003 million EGP in full liberalization.
7- Change in consumer surplus has reached a gain of about 420 million EGP in the period before liberalization, while it has reached a loss about 1061, 8178 million EGP in partial and full liberalization periods respectively.
8- Change in government revenue rised loss about 250.3 million EGP in the period before liberalization, while it has reached a gain of about 1679.8, 6691 million EGP in partial and full liberalization periods respectively.
9- Change in foreign exchange rised loss about 317.4 million EGP in the period before liberalization, while it has reached a gain of about 458.6, 1871.7 million EGP in partial and full liberalization periods respectively.
10- The net effect loss about 59.3, 106.7, 483.8 million EGP during the three periods respectively.
Finally, the study recommends that the policy of liberalization have had obvious effects on wheat crop in Egypt. It is necessary to ensure minimum prices for wheat crop to such the domestic price with the world price. It is necessary to reactivate the role of agricultural cooperatives to reduce some of the negative effects of the policies of liberalization. Study and reform the policies of consumer subsidies to reduce the irrational behavior in the consumption expenditure.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_597_4ccda7f2030174cc8b0fe03bdfedf61e.pdf
2014-03-01
116
134
10.21608/ajas.2014.597
Wheat-balance Aldziy- economic liberalization
Hesham
El-Gendy
1
Agriculture Economic Research Institute
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Competitive Position for Egyptian Exports of Oranges in the Most Im-portant Foreign Markets
The main objective of this research is to study Egyptian Oranges' competitiveness in major foreign markets. To achieve its objective, some competitive indicators have been applied for the studies crop on the level of the competitive countries. In addition to, the research represented in an estimation almost ideal demand system (AIDS), that depends on measuring the impact of change in competitive countries export prices in certain markets and change in total expenditures on commodity imports in imported market on Egypt market share.
Some of the results of the research are:
1- The Egyptian production of the oranges taking the seventh rank in production in the world, but Egypt occupies the third rank among the world's exporters of oranges by exports represent about 12% of the total world exports of oranges during the period (2008-2012).
2- The annual rate of increase in the quantity of production, the quantity of exports and the value of exports for the Egyptian oranges exports were estimated at 3.8%, 16.4% and 22.3% respectively, for the period (1999-2012).
3- By studying the geographical distribution of the quantity of Egypt's exports of oranges, the Saudi Arabia is the largest market where imports about 23%, Russia ranked second rank, where imports about 21% of the total Egyptian exports of oranges.
4- Applying (AIDS) in Saudi market showed that price elasticity of demand for Egyptian oranges reached -0.728. It means that the demand of Saudi market on Egyptian oranges in non elasticity. The results of cross-elasticity indicated that the oranges of both South Africa and Lebanon have not a competitiveness relationship with Egyptian oranges in Saudi market. The estimates of elasticity of expenditure reached 1.11%.
5- Applying (AIDS) in Russian market showed that price elasticity of demand for Egyptian oranges reached -0.32. The results of cross-elasticity indicated that substitution relationship between oranges exported from Egypt and that from Morocco in case the price of one of them increases, a complementary relationship between Egyptian oranges exports South Africa oranges exports. The estimates of elasticity of expenditure reached 1.52%.
6- Applying (AIDS) in UK's market showed that price elasticity of demand for Egyptian oranges reached -6.31. It means that the demand of UK's market on Egyptian oranges is elasticity. The positive signs of cross-elasticity pointed out that the oranges prices of South Africa, Morocco and Spain have a competitiveness relationship with Egyptian oranges in the UK's market. The estimates of elasticity of expenditure reached 3.68%.
Finally, the research recommends that, it is necessary to work to keep our share in the major markets, Saudi, Russian, Ukraunian markets by integrated a strategic planning for oranges production for export. It is necessary to preservate the general level of prices of exports of the UK's market. It is necessary to provide an information base to serve the production sector and the export sector.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_598_22967b0a4e2d70227abcf557f23ee66d.pdf
2014-03-01
135
152
10.21608/ajas.2014.598
Foreign markets-orange-Egyptian rivalry