eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
1
11
10.21608/ajas.2016.1975
1975
Original Article
Response of Some Soybean Genotypes to Planting Date and Plant Density
استجابة بعض التراکیب الوراثیة لمحصول فول الصویا لمیعاد الزراعة والکثافة النباتیة
This investigation studied the performance of 4 soybean genotypes (H30, H2F12, H117 and Giza 111) to three sowing dates (1st May, 20th May and 10th June) and also plant dense (105.000, 140.000 and 175.000 plant/fed.) during two summer seasons of 2013 and 2014. The effect of planting dates was important than other factors for flowering date, seeds weight/plant and seeds weight/fed. whereas, the effect of plant dense population was the most important for No. of branches/ plant and plant height. While, the effect of soybean genotypes was the most important for seeds oil percentage. The effect of planting date were more important than other factors for seeds yield (kg/fed.) the highest seeds yield/fed (2240 and 2126 kg) in the first and the second season respectively. Plant density showed high differences in seeds yield/fed. in which 175.000 plant fed. gave higher yield (2215.6 and 2108.6 kg/fed.)in the first and the second season respectively. Soybean genotypes showed high differences in seed yield/fed. in which H111 gave higher yield (2213.3 and 2124.1 kg/fed.) in the first and the second season, respectively, and surpassed all other genotypes. The seed oil and seeds yield/fed. Contents showed opposite magnitudes, planting in 20th May gave higher yield/fed with the lowest oil content (12.3 and 11.5%) in the first and the second season respectively. While planting in 10th June gave lowest yield/fed with higher oil content (18.3 and 16.1%) in the first and the second season respectively.
This investigation studied the performance of 4 soybean genotypes (H30, H2F12, H117 and Giza 111) to three sowing dates (1st May, 20th May and 10th June) and also plant dense (105.000, 140.000 and 175.000 plant/fed.) during two summer seasons of 2013 and 2014. The effect of planting dates was important than other factors for flowering date, seeds weight/plant and seeds weight/fed. whereas, the effect of plant dense population was the most important for No. of branches/ plant and plant height. While, the effect of soybean genotypes was the most important for seeds oil percentage. The effect of planting date were more important than other factors for seeds yield (kg/fed.) the highest seeds yield/fed (2240 and 2126 kg) in the first and the second season respectively. Plant density showed high differences in seeds yield/fed. in which 175.000 plant fed. gave higher yield (2215.6 and 2108.6 kg/fed.)in the first and the second season respectively. Soybean genotypes showed high differences in seed yield/fed. in which H111 gave higher yield (2213.3 and 2124.1 kg/fed.) in the first and the second season, respectively, and surpassed all other genotypes. The seed oil and seeds yield/fed. Contents showed opposite magnitudes, planting in 20th May gave higher yield/fed with the lowest oil content (12.3 and 11.5%) in the first and the second season respectively. While planting in 10th June gave lowest yield/fed with higher oil content (18.3 and 16.1%) in the first and the second season respectively.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_1975_8f3d45e879ccf0220d4d7d23161d75a8.pdf
Soybean
planting dates
plant density and genotypes
فول الصويا
التراکيب الوراثية- وکثافة النبات -الأنماط الجينية- ميعاد الزراعة
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
12
36
10.21608/ajas.2016.1981
1981
Original Article
Performance Evaluation of Three Sugar Cane Varieties under Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization and Two Seeding Rates
تقییم أداء ثلاث أصناف لقصب السکر تحت مستویات مختلفة من التسمید النیتروجینی
ومعدلین من التقاوی
Field trials including two plant cane crops and one 1st ratoon were conducted in El-Mattana Agric. Res. Station, (latitude of 25.17° N and longitude of 32.33° E), Esna, Luxor Governorate, Egypt, during the two successive seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 to find out the performance of three sugar cane varieties (G.T. 54-9, G. 2003-47 and G.2003-49), which were planted using two planting densities (1.5 drills "37800 buds/fed" and 2 drills "50400 buds/fed") and fertilized with three nitrogen levels (180, 210 and 240 kg N/fed "fed = 0.42 ha-1"). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) using split-plot arrangement with three replications was used. The varieties were allocated in the main plots, mean while planting densities and nitrogen levels were randomly distributed in the sub–plot.
The important results could be summarized as follow:
Variety G.T.54-9 over passed the two promising varieties in length, diameter and fresh weight/plant of stalks. The two promising varieties (G.2003-47 and G.2003-49) over passed the commercial variety (G.T.54-9) in brix, purity and sugar recovery percentages and number of millable in the three crops. Variety G.2003-47 gave the highest sugar yield in the two crops and ratoon.
Planting density 37800 buds/fed attained a significant increase in stalk diametercompared with planting by 50400 buds/fed, meanwhile, the same planting density i.e. 37800 buds/fed produced the higher stalk fresh weight in the two plant cane crops and 1st ratoon. Planting density 50400 buds/fed attained the highest taller stalks, brix, purity and sugar recovery percentages, number of millable cane/fed and cane and sugar yields/fed, meanwhile, the same density reduced glucose % in the different crops.
Increasing nitrogen levels up to 240 kg N/fed led to significantly increased in stalk length, stalk diameter, stalk fresh weight/plant, number of millable cane/fed, cane yield/fed and sugar yield/fed for the three cane crops. Increased nitrogen levels from 180 to 210 and 240 kg N/fed caused significant increase sugar yield/fed in the three cane crops, this increment amounted by 15.67 and 23.24 % in the 1st planted cane, 13.83 and 18.81% in the 1st ratoon and 6.45 and 8.10 % in the 2nd planted cane, respectively.
The highest number of millable cane/fed was recorded when sugar cane planted with 50400 buds/fed and fertilized by 240 kg N/fed.
Variety G.T.54-9 attained the highest stalk fresh weight values with the different nitrogen levels over the two promising varieties. The best interaction was between variety G.2003-47 and 210 kg N/fed to produce the highest purity % in the three crops. The interaction between the varieties and nitrogen levels attained a significant influence on sugar recovery % in the 1st ratoon and the 2nd planted cane.
The 2nd order interaction between varieties, seeding rates and nitrogen levels recorded the highest cane yield/fed, however, this difference was not enough to reach the level of significant in the three crops.
It could be noted that from the economical view of growers’ benefit planting the promising sugar cane variety G.2003-47 is better, however the actual and the economical view growing the commercial variety with higher costs is better for the national economy where it will save about 2.49 ton/fed which represent a large amount of cane on the large area consequently a large amount of sugar production.
Field trials including two plant cane crops and one 1st ratoon were conducted in El-Mattana Agric. Res. Station, (latitude of 25.17° N and longitude of 32.33° E), Esna, Luxor Governorate, Egypt, during the two successive seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 to find out the performance of three sugar cane varieties (G.T. 54-9, G. 2003-47 and G.2003-49), which were planted using two planting densities (1.5 drills "37800 buds/fed" and 2 drills "50400 buds/fed") and fertilized with three nitrogen levels (180, 210 and 240 kg N/fed "fed = 0.42 ha-1"). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) using split-plot arrangement with three replications was used. The varieties were allocated in the main plots, mean while planting densities and nitrogen levels were randomly distributed in the sub–plot.
The important results could be summarized as follow:
Variety G.T.54-9 over passed the two promising varieties in length, diameter and fresh weight/plant of stalks. The two promising varieties (G.2003-47 and G.2003-49) over passed the commercial variety (G.T.54-9) in brix, purity and sugar recovery percentages and number of millable in the three crops. Variety G.2003-47 gave the highest sugar yield in the two crops and ratoon.
Planting density 37800 buds/fed attained a significant increase in stalk diametercompared with planting by 50400 buds/fed, meanwhile, the same planting density i.e. 37800 buds/fed produced the higher stalk fresh weight in the two plant cane crops and 1st ratoon. Planting density 50400 buds/fed attained the highest taller stalks, brix, purity and sugar recovery percentages, number of millable cane/fed and cane and sugar yields/fed, meanwhile, the same density reduced glucose % in the different crops.
Increasing nitrogen levels up to 240 kg N/fed led to significantly increased in stalk length, stalk diameter, stalk fresh weight/plant, number of millable cane/fed, cane yield/fed and sugar yield/fed for the three cane crops. Increased nitrogen levels from 180 to 210 and 240 kg N/fed caused significant increase sugar yield/fed in the three cane crops, this increment amounted by 15.67 and 23.24 % in the 1st planted cane, 13.83 and 18.81% in the 1st ratoon and 6.45 and 8.10 % in the 2nd planted cane, respectively.
The highest number of millable cane/fed was recorded when sugar cane planted with 50400 buds/fed and fertilized by 240 kg N/fed.
Variety G.T.54-9 attained the highest stalk fresh weight values with the different nitrogen levels over the two promising varieties. The best interaction was between variety G.2003-47 and 210 kg N/fed to produce the highest purity % in the three crops. The interaction between the varieties and nitrogen levels attained a significant influence on sugar recovery % in the 1st ratoon and the 2nd planted cane.
The 2nd order interaction between varieties, seeding rates and nitrogen levels recorded the highest cane yield/fed, however, this difference was not enough to reach the level of significant in the three crops.
It could be noted that from the economical view of growers’ benefit planting the promising sugar cane variety G.2003-47 is better, however the actual and the economical view growing the commercial variety with higher costs is better for the national economy where it will save about 2.49 ton/fed which represent a large amount of cane on the large area consequently a large amount of sugar production.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_1981_a7d270e6be4251a1244618144bdfb67f.pdf
Sugar cane
varieties
seed setts rate
fertilization
yield
قصب السکر
أصناف
البذور سيتس معدل
التسميد
العائد-معدل التقاوى
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
37
55
10.21608/ajas.2016.1987
1987
Original Article
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Bread Wheat Genotypes Based on Heat Tolerance and SSR Markers
تقدیر التنوع الوراثی فی طرز وراثیة من قمح الخبز اعتماداً على التحمل الحراری وواسمات SSR
Ten bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for heat tolerance under normal and late sowing dates during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons. Four agronomic traits, i.e. grain yield per plant (GYP), 1000-kernel weight (TKW), Spike length (SL) and plant height (PH) were evaluated. The genetic diversity was assessed among genotypes based on phenotypic data and thirteen simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, representatives of nine wheat chromosomes. Heat stress under the late sowing date was quite strong resulting in 30.4, 14.6, 14.7 and 28.8% average reduction for GYP, TKW, SL and PH, respectively. GYP showed a negative and significant correlation (r= -0.66, P<0.05) with heat susceptibility index (HSI) under heat stress. By using 13 SSR markers, a total of 125 DNA fragments were generated, with an average of 9.6 bands per marker. The level of polymorphism (%P) ranged from 25% for the marker Xgwm497-1A to 85.7% for Xwmc273-7A, with an average of 60.8%. The highest polymorphism information content (PIC) value (0.36) was also recorded for Xwmc273-7A, while the lowest PIC (0.11) was found with Xwmc398-6A, with an average of 0.23. A highly significant correlation (r= 0.872, P<0.01) was found between %P and PIC values. Cluster analysis based on phenotypic data classified the ten genotypes into two groups, of which the group-1 genotypes (Line-1, Line-2 and Line-3) showed high tolerance to heat stress by exhibiting lowest HSI values. However, cluster analysis based on SSR markers generated two clusters, where cluster-I contained five genotypes (Line-1, Line-2, Line-3, Debeira and EL-Nilein) tolerant to heat stress, indicating the efficiency of SSR markers in discriminating wheat genotypes. Moreover, four SSRs generated some unique bands or specific for some tolerant genotypes, that could be used as markers associated with heat tolerance in wheat. However, additional markers analysis is still required to validate their usefulness in breading programs.
Ten bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for heat tolerance under normal and late sowing dates during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons. Four agronomic traits, i.e. grain yield per plant (GYP), 1000-kernel weight (TKW), Spike length (SL) and plant height (PH) were evaluated. The genetic diversity was assessed among genotypes based on phenotypic data and thirteen simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, representatives of nine wheat chromosomes. Heat stress under the late sowing date was quite strong resulting in 30.4, 14.6, 14.7 and 28.8% average reduction for GYP, TKW, SL and PH, respectively. GYP showed a negative and significant correlation (r= -0.66, P<0.05) with heat susceptibility index (HSI) under heat stress. By using 13 SSR markers, a total of 125 DNA fragments were generated, with an average of 9.6 bands per marker. The level of polymorphism (%P) ranged from 25% for the marker Xgwm497-1A to 85.7% for Xwmc273-7A, with an average of 60.8%. The highest polymorphism information content (PIC) value (0.36) was also recorded for Xwmc273-7A, while the lowest PIC (0.11) was found with Xwmc398-6A, with an average of 0.23. A highly significant correlation (r= 0.872, P<0.01) was found between %P and PIC values. Cluster analysis based on phenotypic data classified the ten genotypes into two groups, of which the group-1 genotypes (Line-1, Line-2 and Line-3) showed high tolerance to heat stress by exhibiting lowest HSI values. However, cluster analysis based on SSR markers generated two clusters, where cluster-I contained five genotypes (Line-1, Line-2, Line-3, Debeira and EL-Nilein) tolerant to heat stress, indicating the efficiency of SSR markers in discriminating wheat genotypes. Moreover, four SSRs generated some unique bands or specific for some tolerant genotypes, that could be used as markers associated with heat tolerance in wheat. However, additional markers analysis is still required to validate their usefulness in breading programs.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_1987_685d17b14564d3b869fddd9bcea1d1d8.pdf
heat stress
Genetic diversity
SSR
cluster analysis. Triticum aestivum L
الإجهاد الحراري
التنوع الجيني
وواسمات SSR
تحليل العنقودية. تريتيکوم إستيفوم L
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
56
71
10.21608/ajas.2016.1995
1995
Original Article
Phenotypic Selection and Bulked Segregant Analysis for Flag Leaf Angle under Heat Stress in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
الانتخاب المظهری وتحلیل ضم الانعزالات المتفارقة لصفة زاویة میل ورقة العلم تحت الاجهاد الحراری فی قمح الخبز
Divergent phenotypic selection was performed for flag leaf angle (FLAN) under heat stress in five F2 populations of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Direct responses for FLAN and correlated responses for grain yield per plant (GYP) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were measured. FLAN was positively and significantly correlated with GYP and TKW under heat stress. Positive and highly significant (P<0.01) responses to selection for FLAN were obtained in both directions for the five populations, which were higher in magnitude in the low direction (averaged 31.41) than those obtained in the high direction (averaged 22.0%). Selection for high FLAN produced concurrent positive and significant (P<0.05) responses in GYP in only two populations, with an average of 5.17%, which was lower in magnitude than averaged correlated responses (8.24%) obtained in GYP for lower FLAN in four populations. Significant (P<0.05) correlated responses to selection in TKW for higher FLAN were obtained in four populations (averaged 4.03%) and were smaller in magnitude than those obtained for lower FLAN (averaged 9.56%). Additive gene effects were found to be mainly controlling FLAN. Moderate realized heritability estimates obtained for FLAN (averaged 0.53) were similar to heritability obtained by parent-offspring regression (averaged 0.50). Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) using twelve simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers for FLAN identified three SSR markers, namely Xgwm294-2A; Xbarc113-6A and Xwmc398-6B were able to distinguish high from low bulks in at least two populations. Three bands specific for high and two specific for low FLAN were generated, that could be used in the future as markers associated with FLAN under heat stress in wheat. The information presented here could help in understanding the genetic system controlling FLAN and its relationship with grain yield under heat stress.
Divergent phenotypic selection was performed for flag leaf angle (FLAN) under heat stress in five F2 populations of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Direct responses for FLAN and correlated responses for grain yield per plant (GYP) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were measured. FLAN was positively and significantly correlated with GYP and TKW under heat stress. Positive and highly significant (P<0.01) responses to selection for FLAN were obtained in both directions for the five populations, which were higher in magnitude in the low direction (averaged 31.41) than those obtained in the high direction (averaged 22.0%). Selection for high FLAN produced concurrent positive and significant (P<0.05) responses in GYP in only two populations, with an average of 5.17%, which was lower in magnitude than averaged correlated responses (8.24%) obtained in GYP for lower FLAN in four populations. Significant (P<0.05) correlated responses to selection in TKW for higher FLAN were obtained in four populations (averaged 4.03%) and were smaller in magnitude than those obtained for lower FLAN (averaged 9.56%). Additive gene effects were found to be mainly controlling FLAN. Moderate realized heritability estimates obtained for FLAN (averaged 0.53) were similar to heritability obtained by parent-offspring regression (averaged 0.50). Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) using twelve simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers for FLAN identified three SSR markers, namely Xgwm294-2A; Xbarc113-6A and Xwmc398-6B were able to distinguish high from low bulks in at least two populations. Three bands specific for high and two specific for low FLAN were generated, that could be used in the future as markers associated with FLAN under heat stress in wheat. The information presented here could help in understanding the genetic system controlling FLAN and its relationship with grain yield under heat stress.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_1995_0419de112dbb7067f691f15d7355e57f.pdf
heat stress
selection
flag leaf
SSR
Triticum aestivum L
جهاد الحراري
واختيار
ورقة العلم
سر
تريتيکوم إستيفوم L
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
72
82
10.21608/ajas.2016.1999
1999
Original Article
Authentication of Euphorbia peplus L. Family Euphorbiaceae Growing in Egypt Using Finger Printing
توثیق نسب نبات الافوربیا بیبلس ل. التابع للعائلة اللبنیة الذی ینمو فی مصر باستخدام البصمة الوراثیة
RAPD-PCR was performed using six random primers to identify the genetic diversity among six plant samples belong to two genera (Euphorbia and Ricinus). The dendrogram, based on genetic distance, depict the relationship among the investigated plant samples, separate clearly the six samples. The closest relationship was observed between E. geniculata and E. aphylla; and E. pulcherrima and E. peplus, while this relationship was quite separated between these four samples and the other two samples E. cactus and R. communis. Fragments generated by the six primers show a polymorphism ratio of 88.9%. Bands 3500 and 750 bp generated by primer OP-Z13, and also bands 2000, 1500, 1400, 1200, 1000, 720 and 550 bp generated by primer OP-A09 existing only in the plant samples of E. geniculata and E. aphylla, which suggest that these bands can be used as a positive molecular marker to identify these plant samples. Bands 2500, 1720, 1650, 1300, 950 and 250 bp generated by primer OP-A09, and band 1200 bp generated by primer OP-A20 and band 350 bp generated by primer OP-Z19 and band 250 bp generated by primer OP-Z17 were common in all plant samples of family Euphorbiaceae. Moreover, band 430 bp generated by primer OP-Z17 was characterized for Ricinus communis and absent in other plants of genus Euphorbia. Also, band 2700 bp generated by primer OP-A20 and band 210 bp generated by primer OP-Z19 existing only in Euphorbia peplus. This study highlights the usefulness of RAPD assay for determining genetic variation in different plant genera and for estimating genetic distances between different plant samples. Moreover, knowledge of genetic distance among genera and species, and genetic diversity/structure within genera could be useful for conservation of genetic resources. Data presented here are the first report in Egypt of genetic variation inside genera Euphorbia and Ricinus described at the molecular level. We consider this work as a first step in molecular characterization of genera Euphorbia and Ricinus, thus, it is recommended to extend the panel of samples and primers in the future.
RAPD-PCR was performed using six random primers to identify the genetic diversity among six plant samples belong to two genera (Euphorbia and Ricinus). The dendrogram, based on genetic distance, depict the relationship among the investigated plant samples, separate clearly the six samples. The closest relationship was observed between E. geniculata and E. aphylla; and E. pulcherrima and E. peplus, while this relationship was quite separated between these four samples and the other two samples E. cactus and R. communis. Fragments generated by the six primers show a polymorphism ratio of 88.9%. Bands 3500 and 750 bp generated by primer OP-Z13, and also bands 2000, 1500, 1400, 1200, 1000, 720 and 550 bp generated by primer OP-A09 existing only in the plant samples of E. geniculata and E. aphylla, which suggest that these bands can be used as a positive molecular marker to identify these plant samples. Bands 2500, 1720, 1650, 1300, 950 and 250 bp generated by primer OP-A09, and band 1200 bp generated by primer OP-A20 and band 350 bp generated by primer OP-Z19 and band 250 bp generated by primer OP-Z17 were common in all plant samples of family Euphorbiaceae. Moreover, band 430 bp generated by primer OP-Z17 was characterized for Ricinus communis and absent in other plants of genus Euphorbia. Also, band 2700 bp generated by primer OP-A20 and band 210 bp generated by primer OP-Z19 existing only in Euphorbia peplus. This study highlights the usefulness of RAPD assay for determining genetic variation in different plant genera and for estimating genetic distances between different plant samples. Moreover, knowledge of genetic distance among genera and species, and genetic diversity/structure within genera could be useful for conservation of genetic resources. Data presented here are the first report in Egypt of genetic variation inside genera Euphorbia and Ricinus described at the molecular level. We consider this work as a first step in molecular characterization of genera Euphorbia and Ricinus, thus, it is recommended to extend the panel of samples and primers in the future.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_1999_c65054e656facbb90bcb1427ec7fe279.pdf
fingerprinting
RAPD-PCR
Genetic marker
Euphorbia
Ricinus
البصمات
رابد-ير
الوراثة علامة
الفربيون
ريسينوس
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
95
106
10.21608/ajas.2016.2025
2025
Original Article
Characteristics and Bread-Making Quality of Wheat and Quinoa Flour Blends
خصائص الدقیق وجودة الخبز الناتج من خلط دقیق الکینوا بدقیق القمح
This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of making molded bread of quinoa and wheat flour blends. Wheat flour replaced and mixed with 5, 10, 20 and 30% of quinoa flour. Physiochemical characteristics and properties of these blends and bread making were evaluated and analyzed. The chemical composition of quinoa and wheat flours and their blends were determined via evaluation of protein, fat, moisture, ash and fiber contents. In addition, mineral elements (Iron, zinc, calcium and phosphorus), percent of wet and dry gluten, and falling number of quinoa and wheat flours were determined. Also, Farinogram parameters were studied to investigate some rheological properties of blends dough.
Obtained results showed positive relationship between content values of ash, protein, fat and fiber, and the percentage of quinoa flour. Higher values of mineral elements were recorded as the percent of quinoa flour increased, except zinc which was non-significant in all samples. Increasing amounts of quinoa flour lessened and reduced strong and extensible dough, whereas, wet and dry gluten, development time and stability of dough decreased as the percentages of quinoa flour increased.
Molded bread was prepared using straight dough method in order to evaluated bread specific volume and sensory characteristics. The results showed fewer differences in bread specific volume, between samples prepared from wheat flour or those with 5 and 10% quinoa flour blends. Results showed that blends with 5 or 10% of quinoa flour had good properties to make molded bread and had satisfactory and acceptable organoleptic evaluation.
This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of making molded bread of quinoa and wheat flour blends. Wheat flour replaced and mixed with 5, 10, 20 and 30% of quinoa flour. Physiochemical characteristics and properties of these blends and bread making were evaluated and analyzed. The chemical composition of quinoa and wheat flours and their blends were determined via evaluation of protein, fat, moisture, ash and fiber contents. In addition, mineral elements (Iron, zinc, calcium and phosphorus), percent of wet and dry gluten, and falling number of quinoa and wheat flours were determined. Also, Farinogram parameters were studied to investigate some rheological properties of blends dough.
Obtained results showed positive relationship between content values of ash, protein, fat and fiber, and the percentage of quinoa flour. Higher values of mineral elements were recorded as the percent of quinoa flour increased, except zinc which was non-significant in all samples. Increasing amounts of quinoa flour lessened and reduced strong and extensible dough, whereas, wet and dry gluten, development time and stability of dough decreased as the percentages of quinoa flour increased.
Molded bread was prepared using straight dough method in order to evaluated bread specific volume and sensory characteristics. The results showed fewer differences in bread specific volume, between samples prepared from wheat flour or those with 5 and 10% quinoa flour blends. Results showed that blends with 5 or 10% of quinoa flour had good properties to make molded bread and had satisfactory and acceptable organoleptic evaluation.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2025_8027da4a9ee3a22ce55914ad3d5a4c35.pdf
Quinoa
Gluten
physiochemical
Rheological
molded bread
الکينوا
الغلوتين
الفيزيوکيميائية
ريولوجيکال
الخبز مصبوب
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
107
124
10.21608/ajas.2016.2052
2052
Original Article
Effect of some Treatments on Chemical Composition and Quality Properties of Saidy Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) During Storage
تأثیر بعض المعاملات على الترکیب الکیمیائى وخصائص جودة البلح الصعیدى أثناء التخزین
This study was conducted out to improve the quality and the shelf-life of Saidy date variety during storage period for 12 months at room temperature using packing under vacuum, drying and irradiation (1KGy) treatments. Results showed that packing under vacuum is more effective for controlling the insect infestation (3.85%) followed by the irradiated (11.12%), dried (12.11%). While, the control sample recorded 17.24%, at the end of storage time (12 months). The moisture content of the control date sample decreased from 15.23 to 9.29% at the end of storage while it was decreased from 15.23 to 9.67%, from 15.15 to 8.92% and from 15.80 to 9.67% for the packed under vacuum, dried and irradiated samples, respectively. Data showed that, during the storage periods (12-months), the protein contents reduced from 2.52 to 1.97%, from 2.52 to 2.02%, from 2.57 to 2.15% and from 2.45 to 2.09% for the control, packed under vacuum, dried and irradiated samples, respectively. Data revealed that total bacterial counts immediately decreased after irradiation and drying to a greater extent, compared to the reduction in molds and yeasts. Beside, the microbial flora in all treatments remained at low count until the end of storage period. The irradiated sample had the lowest microbial counts, followed by the packed under vacuum and dried samples. The organoleptic evaluations show that the panelist could not discriminate between the non-irradiated and irradiated date fruits. Furthermore, all treatments have no detectable adverse effect on the preference rating of the fruits. The irradiated samples were occupied the first rank in overall acceptability of sensory evaluation followed by the dried and packed under vacuum samples. These results suggest that packing under vacuum, drying and irradiation treatments of Saidy date fruit could be used as alternative methods for improving the fruit quality, as well as prolonging its marketable period at room temperature for 12 months or more.
This study was conducted out to improve the quality and the shelf-life of Saidy date variety during storage period for 12 months at room temperature using packing under vacuum, drying and irradiation (1KGy) treatments. Results showed that packing under vacuum is more effective for controlling the insect infestation (3.85%) followed by the irradiated (11.12%), dried (12.11%). While, the control sample recorded 17.24%, at the end of storage time (12 months). The moisture content of the control date sample decreased from 15.23 to 9.29% at the end of storage while it was decreased from 15.23 to 9.67%, from 15.15 to 8.92% and from 15.80 to 9.67% for the packed under vacuum, dried and irradiated samples, respectively. Data showed that, during the storage periods (12-months), the protein contents reduced from 2.52 to 1.97%, from 2.52 to 2.02%, from 2.57 to 2.15% and from 2.45 to 2.09% for the control, packed under vacuum, dried and irradiated samples, respectively. Data revealed that total bacterial counts immediately decreased after irradiation and drying to a greater extent, compared to the reduction in molds and yeasts. Beside, the microbial flora in all treatments remained at low count until the end of storage period. The irradiated sample had the lowest microbial counts, followed by the packed under vacuum and dried samples. The organoleptic evaluations show that the panelist could not discriminate between the non-irradiated and irradiated date fruits. Furthermore, all treatments have no detectable adverse effect on the preference rating of the fruits. The irradiated samples were occupied the first rank in overall acceptability of sensory evaluation followed by the dried and packed under vacuum samples. These results suggest that packing under vacuum, drying and irradiation treatments of Saidy date fruit could be used as alternative methods for improving the fruit quality, as well as prolonging its marketable period at room temperature for 12 months or more.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2052_b270da9f5bde38105ed75fc3369ae69a.pdf
Saidy
Storage
Packing under vacuum
Drying
Irradiation
12 months
Room temperature
Chemical composition
physical characters
microbial counts
التخزين
التعبئة تحت فراغ
التجفيف
12 شهرا
درجة حرارة الغرفة
الترکيب الکيميائي
الشخصيات الفيزيائية
التهم الميکروبية
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
125
137
10.21608/ajas.2016.2060
2060
Original Article
Response of Seewy Date Palm to GA3 and CPPU Spraying
استجابة نخیل البلح السیوی للرش بحمض الجبریلیک والسیتوفیکس
The effects of GA3 and CPPU on fruiting of Seewy date palm grown at the Experimental Orchard, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt were investigated during 2013, 2014 and 2015 seasons.
All treatments were sprayed after two or eight weeks of pollination. The experiment was set up in a complete randomized block design with five replications of one bunch each.
The obtained results could be summarized as follow:
- Fruit set and fruit retention percentage were significantly decreased due to spray GA3 at 50 ppm after two weeks of pollination followed by GA3 or CPPU after eight weeks of pollination compared to unsprayed one (control).
- Spraying the bunch with GA3 twice, once at 50 ppm after two weeks of pollination followed once GA3 at 75 ppm plus CPPU at 7.5 or 15 ppm after eight weeks of pollination gave the highest fruit weight, flesh percentage and dimention of fruits compared to unsprayed ones.
- Spraying GA3 and CPPU significantly improved the chemical fruit properties in terms of the total soluble solids and sugar contents and significantly decreased the total acidity and total soluble tannins percentages compared to unsprayed ones.
So, it concluded that spray GA3 at 50 ppm after two weeks of pollination plus either GA3 at 75 ppm and CPPU at 7.5 ppm or GA3 at 75 ppm and CPPU at 15 ppm to obtain the high yield with good quality of Seewy dates. GA3 reduce the fruit retention and consequently increase the fruit weight and size induce increased the yield. CPPU induced an increase in fruit weight and size then get high yield of Seewy dates. Thus, spraying the bunches of Seewy date palm with GA3 and CPPU had get the heaviest yield with improvement the physical and tested chemical fruit properties.
The effects of GA3 and CPPU on fruiting of Seewy date palm grown at the Experimental Orchard, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt were investigated during 2013, 2014 and 2015 seasons.
All treatments were sprayed after two or eight weeks of pollination. The experiment was set up in a complete randomized block design with five replications of one bunch each.
The obtained results could be summarized as follow:
- Fruit set and fruit retention percentage were significantly decreased due to spray GA3 at 50 ppm after two weeks of pollination followed by GA3 or CPPU after eight weeks of pollination compared to unsprayed one (control).
- Spraying the bunch with GA3 twice, once at 50 ppm after two weeks of pollination followed once GA3 at 75 ppm plus CPPU at 7.5 or 15 ppm after eight weeks of pollination gave the highest fruit weight, flesh percentage and dimention of fruits compared to unsprayed ones.
- Spraying GA3 and CPPU significantly improved the chemical fruit properties in terms of the total soluble solids and sugar contents and significantly decreased the total acidity and total soluble tannins percentages compared to unsprayed ones.
So, it concluded that spray GA3 at 50 ppm after two weeks of pollination plus either GA3 at 75 ppm and CPPU at 7.5 ppm or GA3 at 75 ppm and CPPU at 15 ppm to obtain the high yield with good quality of Seewy dates. GA3 reduce the fruit retention and consequently increase the fruit weight and size induce increased the yield. CPPU induced an increase in fruit weight and size then get high yield of Seewy dates. Thus, spraying the bunches of Seewy date palm with GA3 and CPPU had get the heaviest yield with improvement the physical and tested chemical fruit properties.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2060_65e78b0894d871814c627df5f7aca3ba.pdf
dactylifera
Gebbberelic acid
sitofex
yield
fruit quality
داکتيليفيرا
حمض الجبريليک
سيتوفيکس
العائد
جودة الفاکهة-نخيل البلح
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
138
150
10.21608/ajas.2016.2065
2065
Original Article
Effect of Coating and Wrapping Materials on Storage Behavior of Balady Mandarin Fruits
تأثیر مواد التغطیة واللف علی السلوک التخزینی لثمار الیوسفی البلدی
This study was conducted during two successive seasons 2014 & 2015 to investigate the effect of coating and wrapping materials on storability and quality of Balady mandarin fruits during the storage period. Fruits were coated with salicylic acid, paraffin oil or camphor oil, as well as wrapped with foil paper and untreated. The fruits were stored either at room temperature or cold conditions (0±2°C) + humidity of 90±5%.
The results showed that the fruit weight loss %, fruit decay %, total soluble solids % and TSS/acid ratio were significantly increased with prolonging the storage period. On the other hand, the advanced storage period induced a gradual decrease of fruit juice percentage acidity %, vitamin C and total phenolic contents levels.
All treatments caused decreased fruit weight loss and fruit decay percentage under both storage conditions. Using foil paper wrapping or salicylic acid gave the least fruit weight loss and decayed fruit percentage, respectively. The most loss reduction was associated with the cold storage than room temperature conditions. Also, all treatments improved the fruit quality during the storage period compared to the untreated ones.
So, it could be concluded that oil coating or wrapping maintained fruit freshness without negative effects on fruit quality parameters. Meanwhile, coating and wrapping fruits retained high levels of juice volume, acidity, ascorbic acid (V. C) and total phenolic contents as well as lower total soluble solids and TSS/acid ratio loss than controls during storage. Such treatments can be used as alternative of chemical application in order to maintain human health and environment.
This study was conducted during two successive seasons 2014 & 2015 to investigate the effect of coating and wrapping materials on storability and quality of Balady mandarin fruits during the storage period. Fruits were coated with salicylic acid, paraffin oil or camphor oil, as well as wrapped with foil paper and untreated. The fruits were stored either at room temperature or cold conditions (0±2°C) + humidity of 90±5%.
The results showed that the fruit weight loss %, fruit decay %, total soluble solids % and TSS/acid ratio were significantly increased with prolonging the storage period. On the other hand, the advanced storage period induced a gradual decrease of fruit juice percentage acidity %, vitamin C and total phenolic contents levels.
All treatments caused decreased fruit weight loss and fruit decay percentage under both storage conditions. Using foil paper wrapping or salicylic acid gave the least fruit weight loss and decayed fruit percentage, respectively. The most loss reduction was associated with the cold storage than room temperature conditions. Also, all treatments improved the fruit quality during the storage period compared to the untreated ones.
So, it could be concluded that oil coating or wrapping maintained fruit freshness without negative effects on fruit quality parameters. Meanwhile, coating and wrapping fruits retained high levels of juice volume, acidity, ascorbic acid (V. C) and total phenolic contents as well as lower total soluble solids and TSS/acid ratio loss than controls during storage. Such treatments can be used as alternative of chemical application in order to maintain human health and environment.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2065_6a91f0051d82ac82c585f25c4d606afc.pdf
coating
Wrapping
Salicylic acid
storability
Fruit quality storage
Balady mandarin
طلاء
التفاف
حمض الصفصاف
ستورابيليتي
نوعية تخزين الفاکهة
اليوسفي بالادي
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
151
164
10.21608/ajas.2016.2068
2068
Original Article
Influence of Carbon Sources and Amino Acids on in vitro Propagation of Four Citrus Rootstocks
تأثیر مصادر الکربون والأحماض الأمینیة على أکثار أربع أصول موالح معملیاً
Shoot tip explants (0.5 cm) of four citrus rootstocks (trifoliate orange, sour orange, volkamariana and lime) were cultured on MS medium including vitamins supplemented with100 mg/l myo-inositol and 2.5 g/l gelrite. Three types of sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose)were used at different concentrations (88, 132 and 176 mM) and two types of amino acids were used astryptophan at 0, 50, 75 and100 µM and glutathione at 0, 5, 10 and 20 µM. Growth regulators were used during multiplication and rooting stages as follow: a) multiplication,BAP at 1.0 mg/l and b) rooting, IBA at 0.5 mg/l. Sucrose was most effective on shoot and internode length and roots/shoot butthe number of shoots/explant, number of nodes and rooting percentage were more pronounced on the medium containing glucose, while fructose was more effective on the root length. Concerning amino acids, generally tryptophan was more effective on vegetative and rooting growth compared to glutathione.
Shoot tip explants (0.5 cm) of four citrus rootstocks (trifoliate orange, sour orange, volkamariana and lime) were cultured on MS medium including vitamins supplemented with100 mg/l myo-inositol and 2.5 g/l gelrite. Three types of sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose)were used at different concentrations (88, 132 and 176 mM) and two types of amino acids were used astryptophan at 0, 50, 75 and100 µM and glutathione at 0, 5, 10 and 20 µM. Growth regulators were used during multiplication and rooting stages as follow: a) multiplication,BAP at 1.0 mg/l and b) rooting, IBA at 0.5 mg/l. Sucrose was most effective on shoot and internode length and roots/shoot butthe number of shoots/explant, number of nodes and rooting percentage were more pronounced on the medium containing glucose, while fructose was more effective on the root length. Concerning amino acids, generally tryptophan was more effective on vegetative and rooting growth compared to glutathione.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2068_b91d95d486608ef56eed426399ea758a.pdf
micropropagation
sucrose%
Fructose
glucose
tryptophan
glutathione
proliferation
Rooting
Poncirustrifoliata
Citrus aurantium
Citrus volkamariana
Citrus aurantifolia
التکاثر الدقيق
السکروز
الفرکتوز
الجلوکوز
التربتوفان
الجلوتاثيون
التکاثر
استئصال
بونسيروستريفولياتا
الحمضيات اورانتيوم
الحمضيات فولکاماريانا
الحمضيات أورانتيفوليا
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
83
94
10.21608/ajas.2016.2071
2071
Original Article
Assessment of Proximate Chemical Composition and Nutritional Status of Wheat Biscuits Fortified with Oat Powder
تقدیر الترکیب الکیمیائى الأجمالى والقیمة التغذویة للبسکویت المدعم بدقیق الشوفان
Oat (Avena sp.) is a species of cereal grain grown for its seeds and it contains many valuable constituents. Gross chemical composition, caloric value, minerals, vitamins and amino acids composition of two oat varieties namely: Common oat (Avena sativa), and Red oat (Avena byzantina),were assessed. Data revealed that, common and red oat had a high content of total carbohydrates (75.625 and 69.435%) and protein (11.61 and 13.62%). Oat powder is rich source of P, K and Mg (472.57- 469.61mg), (350 – 362mg) and (120.67 - 112.25mg); respectively. As well as vitamin B1 and B2. Common and red oat powders are good source of essential amino acids namely Leucine and phenylalanine (8.19 and 8.01g/100gm) and (6.21and 6.42 g/100gm protein). Biscuits fortified with different levels (10, 20 and 30%) oat powders were also evaluated for their chemical, physical and sensory evaluation. Biscuit constituents ranged between 6.06%-7.8% Crude protein, 16.12%-18.39% Crude fat, 1.31%-1.59% Ash and 0.61%-0.91% Crude fiber ; respectively. Highly acceptable biscuits could be obtained by incorporating 10% oat powders in thewheat biscuits formulation.
Oat (Avena sp.) is a species of cereal grain grown for its seeds and it contains many valuable constituents. Gross chemical composition, caloric value, minerals, vitamins and amino acids composition of two oat varieties namely: Common oat (Avena sativa), and Red oat (Avena byzantina),were assessed. Data revealed that, common and red oat had a high content of total carbohydrates (75.625 and 69.435%) and protein (11.61 and 13.62%). Oat powder is rich source of P, K and Mg (472.57- 469.61mg), (350 – 362mg) and (120.67 - 112.25mg); respectively. As well as vitamin B1 and B2. Common and red oat powders are good source of essential amino acids namely Leucine and phenylalanine (8.19 and 8.01g/100gm) and (6.21and 6.42 g/100gm protein). Biscuits fortified with different levels (10, 20 and 30%) oat powders were also evaluated for their chemical, physical and sensory evaluation. Biscuit constituents ranged between 6.06%-7.8% Crude protein, 16.12%-18.39% Crude fat, 1.31%-1.59% Ash and 0.61%-0.91% Crude fiber ; respectively. Highly acceptable biscuits could be obtained by incorporating 10% oat powders in thewheat biscuits formulation.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2071_050a031d6af41709b693b71642d3c532.pdf
Oats
Chemical composition
minerals
physical characteristics
Sensory evaluation
vitamins
Amino acids
biscuits
الشوفان
الترکيب الکيميائي
المعادن
الخصائص الفيزيائية
التقييم الحسي
الفيتامينات
الأحماض الأمينية
البسکويت
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
165
174
10.21608/ajas.2016.2076
2076
Original Article
Effect of Spraying Seaweed Extracts and Silicon on yield and Fruit Quality of Zaghloul Date Palms Grown under Sandy Soil Conditions
تاثیر الرش بمستخلصات الاعشاب البحریة والسیلیکون علی محصول وخصائص ثمار نخیل البلح الزغلول المزروع تحت ظروف الاراضى الرملیة
This study was carried out through 2014 and 2015 in a private date palm orchard located in New Assuit City district, Assuit Governorate to study the effect of spraying with different concentrations of two seaweed extraction, (Eprosil-k at 4%) and (Oligo-x at 2 or 4%) either alone or with silicon nutrient at (0.5%), on yield and fruit quality of Zaghloul date palms. palms sprayed three times during grown seasons (first of April, May and June) with Seaweed extracts at 2 or 4% either alone or with silicon were very effective on improving yield and fruit quality (fruit weight, dimensions, total soluble solids and sugar contents) in comparison with control treatment. The promotion on these characters was observed when the concentrations of Oligo-x (Seaweed extract compound) were increased from 2 to 4%. The best results with regard to yield and fruit quality of Zaghloul date palms were obtained due to spray the palms three times with a mixture of seaweed extract (Oligo-x at 4%) and silicon nutrient at 0.5%.
This study was carried out through 2014 and 2015 in a private date palm orchard located in New Assuit City district, Assuit Governorate to study the effect of spraying with different concentrations of two seaweed extraction, (Eprosil-k at 4%) and (Oligo-x at 2 or 4%) either alone or with silicon nutrient at (0.5%), on yield and fruit quality of Zaghloul date palms. palms sprayed three times during grown seasons (first of April, May and June) with Seaweed extracts at 2 or 4% either alone or with silicon were very effective on improving yield and fruit quality (fruit weight, dimensions, total soluble solids and sugar contents) in comparison with control treatment. The promotion on these characters was observed when the concentrations of Oligo-x (Seaweed extract compound) were increased from 2 to 4%. The best results with regard to yield and fruit quality of Zaghloul date palms were obtained due to spray the palms three times with a mixture of seaweed extract (Oligo-x at 4%) and silicon nutrient at 0.5%.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2076_93020898f94bc591bf44e49ae760bcc8.pdf
: Seaweed
date palm
yield
Biofretilization
foliar spraying
لأعشاب البحرية
النخيل التمر
الغلة
بيوفريليزاتيون
رش الورقية
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
186
175
10.21608/ajas.2016.2084
2084
Original Article
Effect of Irrigation Water Types and Spraying With Seaweeds on Vegetative Growth, Biochemical Attributes and Minerals Contents of Ziziphus mauritiana and Citrus sinensis Seedlings
تأثیر نوعیة میاه الری والرش بمستخلص الأعشاب البحریة فی النمو والصفات البایوکیمیائیة والمحتوى المعدنی لشتلات السدر Ziziphus mauritiana والبرتقال المحلی Citrus sinensis
This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of the different irrigation water sources and spraying with seaweeds on the seedlings of two plants one is salt-sensitive (Citrus sinensis) and the other is salt-tolerant (Ziziphus mauritiana) through studying growth parameters, as well as biochemical attributes and minerals in leaves of the studied plants. Four treatments were used for irrigation water as follow: (W1)The Tap Water (control) E.c = 1.2 dS.m-1, (W2) Shatt al-Arab river (sub river) Ec = 5.2 dS.m-1, (W3) Shatt al-arab river (main) 6.2 dS.m-1, (W4) The well water E.c = 8.1 dS.m-1 with 3 levels (A1, A2, A3) of seaweed treatments prepared from (Agrosign marine) in the concentration of (0, 2, 4 ml /L), The results explained that there is a decrease in all parameters in this study with increasing the salinity of irrigation water and this is represented in well water irrigation as compared with another water types, while the interaction withseaweeds treatments caused significant increases in the growth parameters, biochemical attributes and minerals contents. This promotion was associated with increasing the concentrations to (4 ml /L), Which gave 42.94 cm in plant height, 2.00 number of shoots, 24.61 in the number of leaves, 5.34 in stem diameter, 101.2 g in fresh weight and 19.02 g dry weight. On the other hand the interaction with seaweed extract increased significantly growth parameters, attributes biochemical and mineral content, it gave the highest value A3W1 which was 3.48 mg /g in the total chlorophyll and 73.82 mg/g in total carbohydrates, while the lowest at A1W4 which was 1.38 mg/g in the total chlorophyll and 42.92 mg / g in the total carbohydrates. The activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) have shown a marked increase when increasing the level of salinity in irrigation water as well as, the seaweeds extraction caused increasing in the content of these enzymes. The treatment (A1W4) gave the highest enzymes activities CAT, SOD, BOD which was 24.10, 21.83 and 7.93 u / g / f.w respectively.
This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of the different irrigation water sources and spraying with seaweeds on the seedlings of two plants one is salt-sensitive (Citrus sinensis) and the other is salt-tolerant (Ziziphus mauritiana) through studying growth parameters, as well as biochemical attributes and minerals in leaves of the studied plants. Four treatments were used for irrigation water as follow: (W1)The Tap Water (control) E.c = 1.2 dS.m-1, (W2) Shatt al-Arab river (sub river) Ec = 5.2 dS.m-1, (W3) Shatt al-arab river (main) 6.2 dS.m-1, (W4) The well water E.c = 8.1 dS.m-1 with 3 levels (A1, A2, A3) of seaweed treatments prepared from (Agrosign marine) in the concentration of (0, 2, 4 ml /L), The results explained that there is a decrease in all parameters in this study with increasing the salinity of irrigation water and this is represented in well water irrigation as compared with another water types, while the interaction withseaweeds treatments caused significant increases in the growth parameters, biochemical attributes and minerals contents. This promotion was associated with increasing the concentrations to (4 ml /L), Which gave 42.94 cm in plant height, 2.00 number of shoots, 24.61 in the number of leaves, 5.34 in stem diameter, 101.2 g in fresh weight and 19.02 g dry weight. On the other hand the interaction with seaweed extract increased significantly growth parameters, attributes biochemical and mineral content, it gave the highest value A3W1 which was 3.48 mg /g in the total chlorophyll and 73.82 mg/g in total carbohydrates, while the lowest at A1W4 which was 1.38 mg/g in the total chlorophyll and 42.92 mg / g in the total carbohydrates. The activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) have shown a marked increase when increasing the level of salinity in irrigation water as well as, the seaweeds extraction caused increasing in the content of these enzymes. The treatment (A1W4) gave the highest enzymes activities CAT, SOD, BOD which was 24.10, 21.83 and 7.93 u / g / f.w respectively.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2084_30a279e5517526c77ad0060f10173b7c.pdf
Irrigation Water
salinity
Seaweeds
minerals contents
Antioxidant enzymes
Citrus sinensis
Ziziphus mauritiana
مياه الري
الملوحة
الأعشاب البحرية
محتويات المعادن
الانزيمات المضادة للأکسدة
الحمضيات سينينسيس
زيزيفوس موريتيانا
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
187
191
10.21608/ajas.2016.2092
2092
Original Article
Mechanisms of Date Palm Salt Tolerance Study of some Water Relationship and Histological Characteristics of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seedlings under Salt Stress Condition
میکانیکیة التحمل الملحی لنخیل التمر
دراسة بعض العلاقات المائیة والصفات التشریحیة لأوراق بادرات نخیل التمر Phoenix dactylifera L. النامیة تحت الشد الملحی
This study was carried out as apartial study to search the mechanisms of salt tolerance in date palm tree (Hillawi) by the study of the effect of salty irrigation water by NaCl (0, 6, 12, 18, 24) dS/m on leave area, water potential and the decrease percentage in water saturation of leaves, Moreover, to study of some histological characteristics (width of cuticle, epidermis, mysophyll, and the diameter of each cell in this tissue). The results showed that the salinity causes a decrease in both the leave area and water potential, where the increase in salinity lead to a more decrease in water saturation of leaves. The histological characteristic showed a decrease in length, width of epidermis and mesophyll with increased salinity but the cuticle is increased with elevated salinity.
This study was carried out as apartial study to search the mechanisms of salt tolerance in date palm tree (Hillawi) by the study of the effect of salty irrigation water by NaCl (0, 6, 12, 18, 24) dS/m on leave area, water potential and the decrease percentage in water saturation of leaves, Moreover, to study of some histological characteristics (width of cuticle, epidermis, mysophyll, and the diameter of each cell in this tissue). The results showed that the salinity causes a decrease in both the leave area and water potential, where the increase in salinity lead to a more decrease in water saturation of leaves. The histological characteristic showed a decrease in length, width of epidermis and mesophyll with increased salinity but the cuticle is increased with elevated salinity.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2092_5e3fcbc3c72a18719aa2b79affbfbe83.pdf
salt tolerance
water relations
anatomical characteristics
leaves seedling
التحمل الملحي-العلاقات المائية
الصفات التشريحي-اوراق بادرات-
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
192
220
10.21608/ajas.2016.2100
2100
Original Article
The use of RS and GIS for Assessment of Wadi El- Assiuty Soils, Egypt
استخدام الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافیة فی تقییم الجدارة الانتاجیة
لأراضی الوادی الأسیوطی, مصر.
The current study area is part of Wadi El- Assiuty, Assiut, Egypt. It is one of the most promising developed areas in Egypt. It lies in the eastern desert of Assiut city. It is located between longitudes 31°18' and 31°48' E and latitudes 27°10' and 27°45' N. The study aims to generating a semi-detailed soil map that is suitable to achieve a land capability evaluation of Wadi El- Assiuty soils using "ILWIS"-GIS.
Visual interpretation was first undertaken on an enhanced natural color composite landsat TM image and overlaid on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the preparing of geo-pedological soil map using the 3D GIS capabilities. The mapping units of the study area were strictly verified in the field where19 soil profiles were selected to represent the different mapping units. The soil profiles were carefully described and representative the soil samples were taken from each profile. Then, the main physical and chemical characteristics of the different mapping units were determined and stored into "ILWIS"-GIS database. The soils were classified up to the sub group level according to the protocol of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA Soil Taxonomy, 2014a). The main soil sub groups that were investigated in the study area were; Typic Haplocalcids and Typic Haplosalids.
California Storie index, (Storie, 1978) and O'Geen etal. (2008) are used to rate the soil capability for intensive irrigated agriculture. The results were displayed as maps using "ILWIS"-GIS.
Results indicated that the area currently lacks the high capability class. However, three soil capability classes of C2, C3 and C4 were recognized in the study area. About 32493.60 feddans (29.9% of the evaluated soils) are moderately capable, 73387.14 feddans (67.3%) are marginally capable and 3156.26 feddans (2.9%) indicating limited capability. A potential capability map was also produced after eliminating the correctable limitations, by improving the soil properties some of these soils can approach potential capability. The results show that 67.3% of the total study area is potentially suitable for agriculture.
From this study, it is recommended to improve the current capability of the studied soils by applying soil management practices that include:
- Adding organic and chemical fertilizers to improve moisture availability, nutrient availability and CEC.
- Executing a leaching process for removing the excess of soluble salts.
- Using modern irrigation systems to reduce the irrigation periods to avoid salts accumulation and the formation of soil crust in the calcareous soils.
The current study area is part of Wadi El- Assiuty, Assiut, Egypt. It is one of the most promising developed areas in Egypt. It lies in the eastern desert of Assiut city. It is located between longitudes 31°18' and 31°48' E and latitudes 27°10' and 27°45' N. The study aims to generating a semi-detailed soil map that is suitable to achieve a land capability evaluation of Wadi El- Assiuty soils using "ILWIS"-GIS.
Visual interpretation was first undertaken on an enhanced natural color composite landsat TM image and overlaid on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the preparing of geo-pedological soil map using the 3D GIS capabilities. The mapping units of the study area were strictly verified in the field where19 soil profiles were selected to represent the different mapping units. The soil profiles were carefully described and representative the soil samples were taken from each profile. Then, the main physical and chemical characteristics of the different mapping units were determined and stored into "ILWIS"-GIS database. The soils were classified up to the sub group level according to the protocol of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA Soil Taxonomy, 2014a). The main soil sub groups that were investigated in the study area were; Typic Haplocalcids and Typic Haplosalids.
California Storie index, (Storie, 1978) and O'Geen etal. (2008) are used to rate the soil capability for intensive irrigated agriculture. The results were displayed as maps using "ILWIS"-GIS.
Results indicated that the area currently lacks the high capability class. However, three soil capability classes of C2, C3 and C4 were recognized in the study area. About 32493.60 feddans (29.9% of the evaluated soils) are moderately capable, 73387.14 feddans (67.3%) are marginally capable and 3156.26 feddans (2.9%) indicating limited capability. A potential capability map was also produced after eliminating the correctable limitations, by improving the soil properties some of these soils can approach potential capability. The results show that 67.3% of the total study area is potentially suitable for agriculture.
From this study, it is recommended to improve the current capability of the studied soils by applying soil management practices that include:
- Adding organic and chemical fertilizers to improve moisture availability, nutrient availability and CEC.
- Executing a leaching process for removing the excess of soluble salts.
- Using modern irrigation systems to reduce the irrigation periods to avoid salts accumulation and the formation of soil crust in the calcareous soils.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2100_6e19fadfcf7f80c0b69de334924df264.pdf
Soil capability
Potential Soil Capability
RS
GIS
ILWIS and Wadi El- Assiuty soils
القدرة الانتاجية للأراضي – القدرة الکامنة للأراضى – الاستشعار عن بعد – نظم المعلومات الجغرافية – ادارة الأراضي والمياه – أراضى الوادي الأسيوطي
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
221
234
10.21608/ajas.2016.2105
2105
Original Article
Equality for Cereals Winter Vegetable Prices
أسعار المساواة لزروع الخضر الشتویة
Farmers complain of not keep pace with the evolution of the prices of their products in the value of production inputs, which generates have a sense of injustice and weakens their purchasing power.
Based upon targeted search estimate parity prices for Cereals major vegetables under study, standing over the keep abreast of developments in the prices of the evolution of the accident in the economic phenomena under study.
Farmers complain of not keep pace with the evolution of the prices of their products in the value of production inputs, which generates have a sense of injustice and weakens their purchasing power.
Based upon targeted search estimate parity prices for Cereals major vegetables under study, standing over the keep abreast of developments in the prices of the evolution of the accident in the economic phenomena under study.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2105_afd6f93270e26aceda4d173e1e4ef68c.pdf
Farm prices
prices of equality
descriptive analysis
living expenses
الأسعار المزرعية
أسعار المساواة
التحليل الوصفى
نفقات المعيشة
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
235
258
10.21608/ajas.2016.2106
2106
Original Article
Economic Study for Effect of Technological Progress on most Important Field Crops in Assiut Governorate
دراسة إقتصادیة لأثر التقدم التکنولوجی على أهم المحاصیل الحقلیة بمحافظة أسیوط
Technological methods in agricultural production have a positive impact, in line with the development of this sector requirements, and that some of the technology application of agricultural innovations need to be many economic studies, showing the efficiency of these methods and innovations, in achieving the benefit of those methods in raising the efficiency of resource use in the cultivation of crops field and even clear vision for achieving agricultural development goals
In general study aimed to study the effect of technological progress on the most important field crops in Assiut, and to achieve this overall objective was sub-goals mode, it represents the first of them in measuring the impact of technological development and technology items on the productivity pen fdon Crops field in Assiut,
For the wheat crop showing the effect of technological development increases in wheat production by accounting for about 41.5% of the actual average production, and that the amendment category wheat planting modern varieties led to increased production by accounting for about 8.22% of the production of items before the amendment category, and for corn show the impact of technological development, the increase in corn production by accounting for about 35% of the actual average production, and that the amendment category corn cultivate modern varieties led to increased production by accounting for about 7.23% of the production of items before the amendment category, and for sorghum shows the impact of technological development, the increase in the productivity rate accounted for about 32% of the actual average production, and that the amendment category sorghum cultivation of modern varieties has led to increased production by accounting for about 6.8% of the production of items before category amendment, and represents the second goal to identify the impact of agricultural technology on the costs and the production of wheat, maize and sorghum, where the average cost dropped total holdings in technology applied to all conventional holdings reaching in holdings applied around 6390, 6059.5116 pounds, the average total cost in traditional holdings of about 6788.6341, 5130 pounds for those crops, respectively.
As for the impact of agricultural technology on the production functions found through mock changing the technology of agriculture positive impact on the function of production to move to the top and that in all crops study, The final goal is to identify the impact of agricultural technology on economic efficiency Crops Field sample study as it turns out, according for all economic indicators efficiency standards outweigh the holdings of the applicable technology from those applicable to non-technological method.
Technological methods in agricultural production have a positive impact, in line with the development of this sector requirements, and that some of the technology application of agricultural innovations need to be many economic studies, showing the efficiency of these methods and innovations, in achieving the benefit of those methods in raising the efficiency of resource use in the cultivation of crops field and even clear vision for achieving agricultural development goals
In general study aimed to study the effect of technological progress on the most important field crops in Assiut, and to achieve this overall objective was sub-goals mode, it represents the first of them in measuring the impact of technological development and technology items on the productivity pen fdon Crops field in Assiut,
For the wheat crop showing the effect of technological development increases in wheat production by accounting for about 41.5% of the actual average production, and that the amendment category wheat planting modern varieties led to increased production by accounting for about 8.22% of the production of items before the amendment category, and for corn show the impact of technological development, the increase in corn production by accounting for about 35% of the actual average production, and that the amendment category corn cultivate modern varieties led to increased production by accounting for about 7.23% of the production of items before the amendment category, and for sorghum shows the impact of technological development, the increase in the productivity rate accounted for about 32% of the actual average production, and that the amendment category sorghum cultivation of modern varieties has led to increased production by accounting for about 6.8% of the production of items before category amendment, and represents the second goal to identify the impact of agricultural technology on the costs and the production of wheat, maize and sorghum, where the average cost dropped total holdings in technology applied to all conventional holdings reaching in holdings applied around 6390, 6059.5116 pounds, the average total cost in traditional holdings of about 6788.6341, 5130 pounds for those crops, respectively.
As for the impact of agricultural technology on the production functions found through mock changing the technology of agriculture positive impact on the function of production to move to the top and that in all crops study, The final goal is to identify the impact of agricultural technology on economic efficiency Crops Field sample study as it turns out, according for all economic indicators efficiency standards outweigh the holdings of the applicable technology from those applicable to non-technological method.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2106_8a70a814614450c43f3f0fc88bba4995.pdf
Technological advances
technology of agriculture
technological innovations
land improvement
biotechnology
التقدم التکنولوجي
تکنولوجيا الزراعة
المستحدثات التکنولوجية
تحسين الأراضي
التکنولوجيا الحيوية
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
259
272
10.21608/ajas.2016.2109
2109
Original Article
Economic Study of the Current Situation and Future Agricultural Investments in Egypt
دراسة اقتصادیة للوضع الراهن والمستقبلى للاستثمار الزراعى فى مصر
Investments of the key tools for economic and social development is through increased production, and increase the capacity of the national economy to face global challenges as well as creating new job opportunities contribute to raising the standard of living, which turned out to be the economic sector's ability alone without the agriculture sector on advancing economic development matter which requires attention to the agricultural sector and increase the size of investments against him.
The.refore,.the study.concluded.the.following:
Low investments directed to the agriculture sector size as it's not proven significant statistical model of the value of total agricultural investment at current prices during the study period, and agricultural investment for the public sector at current prices the value of an annual fall drop significant statistically, while the moral model did not prove the statistical value of agricultural investment to the private sector prices ongoing during the study period, the national-level investment sectors of industry, petroleum, electricity and.construction.value. increases.annually.confirmed statisticall.ysignificant.increase.
Increase the relative importance of the contribution of private agricultural investment to total investment directed to the agriculture sector size, it could be limited to the most important factors affecting the agricultural investment in several factors, the most important agricultural income value, the value of agricultural exports, the value of agricultural imports, national exports, the value of national imports, the value of loans agricultural, the value of agricultural savings, interest rates, crop area, planting area, the area under cultivation, as sure a statistically significant sample paced factors affecting agricultural investment, and about 95.1% of the changes in agricultural investment total, but due to the national income, and that the change in national income. 10% leads to a total change.of.agricultural.investment.by.41.7%.
The growth rate of the agricultural sector arising from the General Agricultural investment and private agricultural investment in Egypt totaled 0.02, which means that to increase the growth rate in the agriculture sector by 1% it has to be to increase domestic investment to the agriculture sector rate of 0.02%.
Investments of the key tools for economic and social development is through increased production, and increase the capacity of the national economy to face global challenges as well as creating new job opportunities contribute to raising the standard of living, which turned out to be the economic sector's ability alone without the agriculture sector on advancing economic development matter which requires attention to the agricultural sector and increase the size of investments against him.
The.refore,.the study.concluded.the.following:
Low investments directed to the agriculture sector size as it's not proven significant statistical model of the value of total agricultural investment at current prices during the study period, and agricultural investment for the public sector at current prices the value of an annual fall drop significant statistically, while the moral model did not prove the statistical value of agricultural investment to the private sector prices ongoing during the study period, the national-level investment sectors of industry, petroleum, electricity and.construction.value. increases.annually.confirmed statisticall.ysignificant.increase.
Increase the relative importance of the contribution of private agricultural investment to total investment directed to the agriculture sector size, it could be limited to the most important factors affecting the agricultural investment in several factors, the most important agricultural income value, the value of agricultural exports, the value of agricultural imports, national exports, the value of national imports, the value of loans agricultural, the value of agricultural savings, interest rates, crop area, planting area, the area under cultivation, as sure a statistically significant sample paced factors affecting agricultural investment, and about 95.1% of the changes in agricultural investment total, but due to the national income, and that the change in national income. 10% leads to a total change.of.agricultural.investment.by.41.7%.
The growth rate of the agricultural sector arising from the General Agricultural investment and private agricultural investment in Egypt totaled 0.02, which means that to increase the growth rate in the agriculture sector by 1% it has to be to increase domestic investment to the agriculture sector rate of 0.02%.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2109_72d19e71e6f3c8651356a42724cc2c10.pdf
Economic study
the future situation
the status quo
Egypt
Agricultural investment
دراسة اقتصادية-لوضع المستقبلى- للوضع الراهن-مصر-الاستثمار الزراعى
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
273
290
10.21608/ajas.2016.2114
2114
Original Article
Foreign Trade of Wheat Crop in Egypt
التجارة الخارجیة لمحصول القمح فی مصر
The most important findings and recommendations
This search is talking about not keep up with domestic production of wheat crop and high increase in the national consumption of it the size and appearance of a gap between domestic production and national consumption and widening the gap year after year and that the state was forced to import increasing quantities of wheat and flour to fill this deficit
This research aims to define the economic importance of foreign trade as well as identify key import wheat crop sources and identify current geographical distribution of imports of wheat in order to re-geographical distribution to reduce the value of these imports.
The results showed that the total trade value of the value of total exports and total imports followed a growing trend became a time of agricultural exports and imports value increased as well and that the United States Australia and France are key countries and stable sources for the supply of wheat to Egypt.
The results proved that the re-distribution of wheat imports geographically for the first alternative, and on leaving the imported wheat quantities to be distributed freely to various countries as the least expensive and we found that the quantities imported spread over three countries, namely Canada, Turkey, Kazakhstan and the second alternative regards to quit imported quantities of wheat free distribution within each group by country Lowest price and in accordance with the export of energy for these countries, and we found that the quantities imported were distributed to Canada, France, Turkey, Kazakhstan, and the third alternative regard to restricting the model to import 50% of the total amount of the France and the distribution of the rest of the quantities imported in accordance with the state of the least expensive and depending on the energy export for each country, and the rest of the quantities distributed between Turkey and Kazakhstan. Alternative fourth regard to restricting the importation model of the countries where the price per ton of no more than 2110 pounds, and in accordance with export capacity of each country. And distributed quantities imported in three countries, namely Canada, Turkey and Kazakhstan.
According to the results of the study we recommend the following:
1- Reduce import of wheat flour imported a pill to take advantage of milling residues in animal feed, poultry and prevent the use of wheat in animal and poultry food.
2- Increase the total exports in general and agriculture in particular, and the targeting of high-price markets to raise export earnings and increase the coverage rate and raise the efficiency of foreign trade.
3- The use of the purchase method of long-term contracts directly with distinct states in wheat production and a stable import and be in the dates of the emergence of the crop as it is the best chance for the contract to the low price.
The most important findings and recommendations
This search is talking about not keep up with domestic production of wheat crop and high increase in the national consumption of it the size and appearance of a gap between domestic production and national consumption and widening the gap year after year and that the state was forced to import increasing quantities of wheat and flour to fill this deficit
This research aims to define the economic importance of foreign trade as well as identify key import wheat crop sources and identify current geographical distribution of imports of wheat in order to re-geographical distribution to reduce the value of these imports.
The results showed that the total trade value of the value of total exports and total imports followed a growing trend became a time of agricultural exports and imports value increased as well and that the United States Australia and France are key countries and stable sources for the supply of wheat to Egypt.
The results proved that the re-distribution of wheat imports geographically for the first alternative, and on leaving the imported wheat quantities to be distributed freely to various countries as the least expensive and we found that the quantities imported spread over three countries, namely Canada, Turkey, Kazakhstan and the second alternative regards to quit imported quantities of wheat free distribution within each group by country Lowest price and in accordance with the export of energy for these countries, and we found that the quantities imported were distributed to Canada, France, Turkey, Kazakhstan, and the third alternative regard to restricting the model to import 50% of the total amount of the France and the distribution of the rest of the quantities imported in accordance with the state of the least expensive and depending on the energy export for each country, and the rest of the quantities distributed between Turkey and Kazakhstan. Alternative fourth regard to restricting the importation model of the countries where the price per ton of no more than 2110 pounds, and in accordance with export capacity of each country. And distributed quantities imported in three countries, namely Canada, Turkey and Kazakhstan.
According to the results of the study we recommend the following:
1- Reduce import of wheat flour imported a pill to take advantage of milling residues in animal feed, poultry and prevent the use of wheat in animal and poultry food.
2- Increase the total exports in general and agriculture in particular, and the targeting of high-price markets to raise export earnings and increase the coverage rate and raise the efficiency of foreign trade.
3- The use of the purchase method of long-term contracts directly with distinct states in wheat production and a stable import and be in the dates of the emergence of the crop as it is the best chance for the contract to the low price.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2114_98b1ec907fce8caf834f81b7e521221f.pdf
wheat crop
Wheat
foreign trade
cereal crops
: محصول القمح – الحنطة – التجارة الخارجية – محاصيل الحبوب
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
291
315
10.21608/ajas.2016.2249
2249
Original Article
Economics of Dairy Products Industries in Monofia’ Governorate (Case Study of Baladi’ Laboratories)
اقتصادیات تصنیع أهم منتجات الألبان فی محافظة المنوفیة
(دراسة حالة فی المعامل البلدیة)
تمثل مشکلة الغذاء رکنا هاما في السياسة الزراعية والاقتصادية المصرية، ويعتبر ارتفاع الأسعار بشکل کبير أهم ظواهر هذه المشکلة، ولمکانة الألبان ومنتجاتها، فإن الزيادات الکبيرة في أسعارها في السنوات الأخيرة ما يدعو إلى دراستها بشکل جاد حتى يتسنى العمل على حفز الاستثمارات في هذا المجال لزيادة المعروض وخفض أو تثبيت الأسعار، حيث تعتبر الألبان من أهم المکونات الرئيسية للمنتجات الحيوانية من جهة و مصدر من مصادر الناتج القومي الإجمالي من جهة أخرى، بالرغم من الأهمية الغذائية للألبان، إلا أن المتاح منها في مصر لا يکفى باحتياجات الاستهلاک نتيجة زيادة أعداد السکان بمعدلات نمو مرتفعة تفوق الزيادة في إنتاج الألبان في مصر، حيث بلغت کمية اللبن المنتجة في مصر عام 2014 حوالي 5.55 مليون طن، تقدر قيمتها بحوالي 23.9 مليار جنيه، تمثل نحو 8.46% من قيمة الإنتاج الزراعي، البالغ حوالي 282.4 مليار جنيه، و نحو 24.4% من قيمة الإنتاج الحيواني، البالغ نحو 97.8 مليار جنيه خلال نفس العام. کما يعد اللبن من الناحية الغذائية من أهم مصادر الغذاء الصحي المتوازن نظرا لإحتوائه على العديد من العناصر الضرورية مثل الفيتامينات والأملاح المعدنية والبروتين والدهون التي توجد بنسب ملائمة لاحتياجات الجسم کما انه غذاء سهل الهضم ويعتبر أرخص من أي غذاء مساوي له في القيمة الغذائية، کما أن زيادة استهلاکه تزيد من مناعة الجسم من مخاطر الأمراض. ويبلغ متوسط نصيب الفرد من الألبان حوالي 75.7 کجم في السنة، بمعدل 207.4 جرام في اليوم عام 2014، بنقص عما کان الفرد يستهلکه عام 2000 بحوالي 1.8 کجم بنسبة نقص بلغت نحو 2.3%. ويعد هذا المتوسط أقل بکثير من المتوسطات العالمية التي يوصى بها علماء التغذية للفرد في کل من الولايات المتحدة الأمريکية، وروسيا ودول السوق الأوربية المشترکة، بألا يقل استهلاک الفرد عن 180 کجم في السنة في صورة لبن أو منتجاته، أو150 کجم في السنة وهو الحد الأدنى للتغذية السليمة طبقاً لمعيار منظمة الزراعة والأغذية (الفاو).
تمثل مشکلة الغذاء رکنا هاما في السياسة الزراعية والاقتصادية المصرية، ويعتبر ارتفاع الأسعار بشکل کبير أهم ظواهر هذه المشکلة، ولمکانة الألبان ومنتجاتها، فإن الزيادات الکبيرة في أسعارها في السنوات الأخيرة ما يدعو إلى دراستها بشکل جاد حتى يتسنى العمل على حفز الاستثمارات في هذا المجال لزيادة المعروض وخفض أو تثبيت الأسعار، حيث تعتبر الألبان من أهم المکونات الرئيسية للمنتجات الحيوانية من جهة و مصدر من مصادر الناتج القومي الإجمالي من جهة أخرى، بالرغم من الأهمية الغذائية للألبان، إلا أن المتاح منها في مصر لا يکفى باحتياجات الاستهلاک نتيجة زيادة أعداد السکان بمعدلات نمو مرتفعة تفوق الزيادة في إنتاج الألبان في مصر، حيث بلغت کمية اللبن المنتجة في مصر عام 2014 حوالي 5.55 مليون طن، تقدر قيمتها بحوالي 23.9 مليار جنيه، تمثل نحو 8.46% من قيمة الإنتاج الزراعي، البالغ حوالي 282.4 مليار جنيه، و نحو 24.4% من قيمة الإنتاج الحيواني، البالغ نحو 97.8 مليار جنيه خلال نفس العام. کما يعد اللبن من الناحية الغذائية من أهم مصادر الغذاء الصحي المتوازن نظرا لإحتوائه على العديد من العناصر الضرورية مثل الفيتامينات والأملاح المعدنية والبروتين والدهون التي توجد بنسب ملائمة لاحتياجات الجسم کما انه غذاء سهل الهضم ويعتبر أرخص من أي غذاء مساوي له في القيمة الغذائية، کما أن زيادة استهلاکه تزيد من مناعة الجسم من مخاطر الأمراض. ويبلغ متوسط نصيب الفرد من الألبان حوالي 75.7 کجم في السنة، بمعدل 207.4 جرام في اليوم عام 2014، بنقص عما کان الفرد يستهلکه عام 2000 بحوالي 1.8 کجم بنسبة نقص بلغت نحو 2.3%. ويعد هذا المتوسط أقل بکثير من المتوسطات العالمية التي يوصى بها علماء التغذية للفرد في کل من الولايات المتحدة الأمريکية، وروسيا ودول السوق الأوربية المشترکة، بألا يقل استهلاک الفرد عن 180 کجم في السنة في صورة لبن أو منتجاته، أو150 کجم في السنة وهو الحد الأدنى للتغذية السليمة طبقاً لمعيار منظمة الزراعة والأغذية (الفاو).
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2249_7a7bc06dc4b08313a7aed88c258a703e.pdf
economics
Dairy products
Menoufia Governorate
Manufacturing
اقتصاديات- منتجات الألبان
محافظة المنوفية- تصنيع
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
316
324
10.21608/ajas.2016.2250
2250
Original Article
Knowledge Level of Extension Workers in Asyut in Area of Bio-Fertilizers
المستوى المعرفى للعاملین بالجهاز الارشادى الزراعى بمحافظة أسیوط فى مجال المخصبات الحیویة
The main objective of this study to know the knowledge level of extension workers in Asyut governorate in the area of bio-fertilizers , to identify extension workers source of information about bio-fertilizers, and to determine the relationship between the knowledge level and some studied independent variables .
1- The search was carried out on the population of workers in Asyut district.
Percentages, chi square, tschuprow test were used to analyze the data.
Results showed that the knowledge level was high for one statement middle for tow, and low to others, that 22% only was the highly for the total.
- That training meetings was the most important source for information about bio-fertilizers.
- That age and training meetings were effected by 11% in knowledge level
The main objective of this study to know the knowledge level of extension workers in Asyut governorate in the area of bio-fertilizers , to identify extension workers source of information about bio-fertilizers, and to determine the relationship between the knowledge level and some studied independent variables .
1- The search was carried out on the population of workers in Asyut district.
Percentages, chi square, tschuprow test were used to analyze the data.
Results showed that the knowledge level was high for one statement middle for tow, and low to others, that 22% only was the highly for the total.
- That training meetings was the most important source for information about bio-fertilizers.
- That age and training meetings were effected by 11% in knowledge level
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2250_1a2eadc370eeb41585cc6ee2543252fb.pdf
Knowledge level
Workers
Assiut Governorate
biofertilizers
Agricultural extension system
المستوى المعرفى
العاملين-محافظة أسيوط
المخصبات الحيوية-الجهاز الارشادى الزراعى
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-0486
2356-9840
2016-10-01
47
5
325
343
10.21608/ajas.2016.2251
2251
Original Article
Perception Farmer's Technical Recommendations for the Production and Marketing of the Crop Marjoram in Minia Governorate
إدراک الزراع للتوصیات الفنیة الخاصة بإنتاج وتسویق محصول البردقوش فى محافظة المنیا
The research was to determine the level of awareness of Agriculture respondents technical recommendations for the production and marketing of crop marjoram, as well as determine the correlation between the level of awareness of farmers respondents technical recommendations for the production and marketing of crop Marjoram and between the independent variables, and to identify the sources of information farmers respondents technical recommendations for the production and marketing of crop marjoram, as well as to identify on the most important problems of production and marketing of the crop.
To determine the sample was used equivalent Krejicie and Morgan, and the application of the equation on a comprehensive search which 220 farmers found that the required sample size is 140 farmers by 63.6% of the total comprehensive search Distributors according to the proportions of their presence in the villages selected search as follows: 100 farmers from the village of Abad Sharonh Maghagha locality, 40 a farmer from the village of Kafr El Sheikh Ibrahim locality Bani Mazar, randomly selected from the reality of regular payroll limit cultivation Marjoram 2015 agricultural associations in selected villages.
The data of this research through personal interview with respondents from growers harvest marjoram by questionnaire and already prepared to collect, and review and then become valid for data collection and achieve the objectives of research where data were collected during the month of January 2016, data were analyzed using a simple Pearson correlation coefficient and a factor of Spearmen rank correlation, and the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, in addition to the tabular presentation loops and percentages in the presentation of results.
The main search results:
1-There are variance in the perception of Agriculture respondents, technical recommendations for the production and marketing of crop Marjoram Minia governorate levels where it was found that 11.4% have a level of awareness is weak, while 48.6% have a perception the average level, while 40% have to Perception high recommendation level art for the production and marketing of crop Marjoram Minia governorate.
2- There are a significant Correlative relationship between the perception of Agriculture Technical recommendations for the production and marketing of marjoram crop, and the average production per acre variable, and total agricultural holding, and the total acquisition cultivated of marjoram, educational level, and the cost of production per acre, and leadership level, and were significant relationship is negative with a variable number of years' Experience.
3-One of the main sources of information used by growers harvest marjoram asking for the production and marketing information on a permanent basis are: parents and neighbors said that the proportion of 30%, Shops agricultural inputs trade acknowledged that 23.6% of respondents ratio, associations of Community development reported that ratio of 21.4%, agricultural society, where in between the proportion of 10.7%, agricultural counselor where he said that 5.7% of respondents ratio.
4-One of the major production and marketing problems crop Marjoram not biocides availability and high prices mentioned by 68.6 percent, the spread of insect pests and the higher incidence of disease in the crop Marjoram acknowledged that 58.6 percent, rising chemical fertilizer prices and lack of availability often cited so the proportion of 57.1%, with respect to marketing problems crop Marjoram Vtmthelt in: the suffering of farmers in the collection of the price of sale of the crop as mentioned by 85%, the monopoly of the big traders and their interference in challenging the price of the crop acknowledged that the proportion of 80%, reduced export opportunities for crop Marjoram recently where he explained that 78.5% ratio.
The research was to determine the level of awareness of Agriculture respondents technical recommendations for the production and marketing of crop marjoram, as well as determine the correlation between the level of awareness of farmers respondents technical recommendations for the production and marketing of crop Marjoram and between the independent variables, and to identify the sources of information farmers respondents technical recommendations for the production and marketing of crop marjoram, as well as to identify on the most important problems of production and marketing of the crop.
To determine the sample was used equivalent Krejicie and Morgan, and the application of the equation on a comprehensive search which 220 farmers found that the required sample size is 140 farmers by 63.6% of the total comprehensive search Distributors according to the proportions of their presence in the villages selected search as follows: 100 farmers from the village of Abad Sharonh Maghagha locality, 40 a farmer from the village of Kafr El Sheikh Ibrahim locality Bani Mazar, randomly selected from the reality of regular payroll limit cultivation Marjoram 2015 agricultural associations in selected villages.
The data of this research through personal interview with respondents from growers harvest marjoram by questionnaire and already prepared to collect, and review and then become valid for data collection and achieve the objectives of research where data were collected during the month of January 2016, data were analyzed using a simple Pearson correlation coefficient and a factor of Spearmen rank correlation, and the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, in addition to the tabular presentation loops and percentages in the presentation of results.
The main search results:
1-There are variance in the perception of Agriculture respondents, technical recommendations for the production and marketing of crop Marjoram Minia governorate levels where it was found that 11.4% have a level of awareness is weak, while 48.6% have a perception the average level, while 40% have to Perception high recommendation level art for the production and marketing of crop Marjoram Minia governorate.
2- There are a significant Correlative relationship between the perception of Agriculture Technical recommendations for the production and marketing of marjoram crop, and the average production per acre variable, and total agricultural holding, and the total acquisition cultivated of marjoram, educational level, and the cost of production per acre, and leadership level, and were significant relationship is negative with a variable number of years' Experience.
3-One of the main sources of information used by growers harvest marjoram asking for the production and marketing information on a permanent basis are: parents and neighbors said that the proportion of 30%, Shops agricultural inputs trade acknowledged that 23.6% of respondents ratio, associations of Community development reported that ratio of 21.4%, agricultural society, where in between the proportion of 10.7%, agricultural counselor where he said that 5.7% of respondents ratio.
4-One of the major production and marketing problems crop Marjoram not biocides availability and high prices mentioned by 68.6 percent, the spread of insect pests and the higher incidence of disease in the crop Marjoram acknowledged that 58.6 percent, rising chemical fertilizer prices and lack of availability often cited so the proportion of 57.1%, with respect to marketing problems crop Marjoram Vtmthelt in: the suffering of farmers in the collection of the price of sale of the crop as mentioned by 85%, the monopoly of the big traders and their interference in challenging the price of the crop acknowledged that the proportion of 80%, reduced export opportunities for crop Marjoram recently where he explained that 78.5% ratio.
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_2251_9a7be181b284297854d47219a92a7cf8.pdf
Technical Recommendations
Al-Bardakosh
production
marketing
Minia governorate
Recognition of farmers
التوصيات الفنية-البردقوش-محافظة المنيا-بإنتاج
تسويق-محافظة المنيا-إدراک الزراع