Influence of Casing Types and Cold Storage on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydro Carbons (PAHs) in Smoked Beef Sausage
text
article
2016
eng
The sheep sausages casing and cellulose casings smoked in indirect traditional smokehouses were studied in order to assess the influence of smoking conditions on the PAH contents. Dependency on hot smoking conditions (with indirect smoking), using two types of casing (sheep casing and cellulose casings).All smoked samples are storage at 4°C For 90 days. Smoked sausages samples by indirect technique, using smoke from an external smoke generator were assessed. The total Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) appeared in study, divided to three group; the first group was low molecular weight PAHs recorded very high value in two types of beef sausage (2209.2285 µg /Kg and 598.865 µg /Kg); The second group (PAH4) recorded very low content in two types of beef sausage (0.0007 µg /Kg). Benzo(a) pyrene (BaP) levels were below the limit of quantification (0.0002µg/kg) appeared in products. The third group was heavy PAHs recorded (481.7937 µg /Kg and 0.0009 µg /Kg) in sheep and cellulose; respectivly. Cold storage of samples caused significant decrement of (PAHS). Based on this results it could be concluded that smoked sausage samples by indirect technique and used cellulose casing caused significant decrement of (PAHs). As compared with indirect technique and sheep casing.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
47
v.
2
no.
2016
1
12
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_504_669385319284136da45f6fe488a276e0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2016.504
Potato Manufacturing Wastes – A Novel Substrate for the Production of Natural Pigments from Monascus purpureus
text
article
2016
eng
The aim of the present research was to investigate the feasibility of potato chips manufacturing wastes as a cheap substrate for the production of pigments by Monascus purpureus through solid-state fermentation. Maximum red, orange and yellow pigments of 126.5, 204.7 and 322.9 AU/g dry fermented material, respectively was achieved on potato wastes having 67% initial moisture content, 6.5 pH, 1.5mm particle size and supplemented with 2% ammonium sulphate. The optimum fermentation conditions were inoculation rate 140×103 spores /10g dry substrate, incubation period 15 days and fermentation temperature 30 in complete darkness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on pigments production from M.purpureus using potato wastes in solid-state fermentation.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
47
v.
2
no.
2016
13
23
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_505_0340b34293cd79fb5ddd919f982ae2bb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2016.505
Effectiveness of a Wool Based Packaging System on the Abundance of Surface Spoilage Microorganisms on Meat Products
text
article
2016
eng
Sheep woolcan be used as an eco–friendly type of packaging that, due to its complex physical and chemical composition, can also help control humidity and reduce condensation. Given these properties, the potential of wool to be used as packaging liners for the transport of food products is of interest. The present study assessed the microbiological quality of meat packaged and stored at room temperature for 72 h in conventional expanded polystyrene boxes (EPS) and cardboard boxes lined with wool using standard approved culturing techniques. The findings suggest that the wool may have potential market value as packaging liners for transporting meat, and possibly other food products. Further research is needed to allow better characterisation to real-world conditions, and understanding of how wool used as a packaging liner could help maintain food quality on a larger scale.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
47
v.
2
no.
2016
24
28
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_506_3190ed61d3f028307d70ee9b7d71f671.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2016.506
Antimicrobial Activity of Some Spices and Herbs Essential Oils
text
article
2016
eng
Essential oils of marjoram (Origanum majorana), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), sage (Salvia officinalis) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris), were tested for their antimicrobial activity against four Gram-negative bacteria, four Gram-positive bacteria, four filamentous fungi and two yeast species which possess an importance as food spoilers or pathogenic microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity of tested essential oils at different concentrations (1,2,3,5 and 10 mg/ml) was determined by the well agar diffusion method. Sage and thyme essential oils showed the highest inhibitory effect against tested microorganisms, followed by rosemary and marjoram essential oils. The microbial spectra were decreased with increasing the concentrations of essential oils.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
47
v.
2
no.
2016
29
37
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_507_25503568f7d687f07e7d8505970a5c9b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2016.507
Survey and Determination of Pomegranate Wilt Disease and Microorganisms Associated in Sadah Governorate, Yemen
text
article
2016
eng
Wilted pomegranate trees (2793 trees) were surveyed for microorganisms associated with their roots and soil. Samples were collected from fifteen sites in Sadah governorate. Data demonstrated that pomegranate wilt disease symptoms were 17.3%. Fungi isolation frequency from soil and disease roots recorded 37.8 % and 59% for Fusarium oxysporum, respectively. Four genera of plant parasitic nematodes namely, Tylenchus sp., Tylenchorhynchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp. and Longidorus sp. were also isolated with frequency rate and densities 9, 5, 3, 1 % and 428, 340, 187, 200 nematodes/kg soil respectively.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
47
v.
2
no.
2016
38
45
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_508_3bd5cb0ee942684b3d22390c12ae9717.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2016.508
Effect of Morphological Characteristics of the Bunches on Fruit Thin-ning Percentage of Eight Date Palm Cultivars in Assiut Region
text
article
2016
eng
This study was carried out during 2011, 2012 and 2013 seasons on eight date palm cultivars namely Zaghloul, Haiany, Halawy, Eraby, Bent Aisha, Samani, Sewy and Amry grown at the Experimental Orchard, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt. The main objectives of this study were to: 1- Compare the morphological characteristics of the bunches of eight date palm cultivars. 2- Study the relation between bunch emergence level and its morphological characteristics. 3- Determine the optimum patterns and fruit thinning percentage of the eight cultivars. The results of the present study showed that bunches and strands morphological characteristics were differed according to the cultivar and bunch emergence level. All the studied characteristics tended to increase according to bunch emergence level from lower to upper. Fruit thinning percentage determined according to cultivar and bunch emergence level. It is worth notable that cutting back (1 cm) of strand, reduced the initial fruit load by 3.11, 3.74 and 4.64% as average of upper, middle and lower bunches respectively for tested cultivars. So the fruit thinning method could be selected according to the bunch and their strand characteristics. This study is important from economic and cultural view to obtain high yield with good fruit quality of date palm production
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
47
v.
2
no.
2016
46
59
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_509_217ec2729fa5eb158cddaa25f6ce51f9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2016.509
Using Some Postharvest Treatments to Improve the Storage Life and Marketing of "Ruby Seedless" Grapes
text
article
2016
eng
Table grapes are facing postharvest problems such as weight loss, shattering, decay, stem browning, etc and they are major factors that restrict of the storage period and to distant markets. Therefore, this study aimed to find out suitable methods to solve the postharvest problems and improve the storage life of "Ruby seedless" grapes whether during cold storage or in marketing condition. This experiment was conducted during two successive seasons (2014-2015) to study the effect of dipping in salicylic acid at 4mM/l, paraffin oil and wrapping with polyethylene stretch on some physical and chemical properties of clusters and berries during storage life under cold storage at 5 °C in refrigerator with 85-90% R.H for 30 days or at 20+ 5°C to estimate as marketing condition for 10 days. Results proved that all treatments gave positive effect on storage life and maintain the quality of cluster for the longest period possible under different storage conditions compared with untreated fruits (control), by reduced both of shattering %, weight loss % and retention the juice content of berries as long as possible, increased TSS, prevent the reduction of acidity, enhanced the total anthocyanin in berry skin. As for the total phenol, of treated clusters with salicylic acid had the highest significant effect on increasing the total phenol in berries compared with the other treatments and control.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
47
v.
2
no.
2016
60
73
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_510_63ed5d9ac73935d3b724764c0e36c232.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2016.510
The Impact of Farm Area on Productive and Economic Efficiency of Wheat Crop in Assiut Governorate
text
article
2016
eng
The main topic of this research Targeted to identify the evolution of possessory structure in the province of Assiut and the extent of distributive justice of agricultural holdings, the impact of fragmentation possessory on productivity and costs for the wheat crop in the research sample.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
47
v.
2
no.
2016
74
87
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_511_590c475846bd1a44475bfc1cae698259.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2016.511
Production and Consumption of Chemical Fertilizers and Seasonal Production in Egypt
text
article
2016
eng
Chemical fertilizers are considered basic inputs for agriculture, demand for which is growing day after day, Chemical fertilizer crisis appears annually as a result of the lack of quantities produced them for consumption needs, this search aimed to study local market of chemical fertilizers, by examining the evolution of the quantities produced and available for consumption, as well as estimating the monthly changes of the amounts of domestically produced chemical fertilizers to determine the compatibility between the months of production and the needs of farmers . t appeared the lack of domestic production of nitrogen fertilizers at an annual shortage of significant statistically amounted to about 4%, and increase domestic production of phosphate fertilizers at an average annual increase of about 3.7%, and has quantity available for domestic consumption of nitrogen fertilizers reached during the study period of up to 2005, about 9.328 million tons, and reached the lowest in 2012 of about 5.363 million tons, and did not prove a moral model time trend year estimated during the study period, it turns out that the quantities available for domestic consumption of phosphate fertilizers increased at an annual rate increased significantly statistically amounted to about 2.8%, and the quantities available for domestic consumption of potassium fertilizers during the study period of up to 2007 amounted to about 152.271 thousand tons, and reached the lowest in 2009 about 451 tons, and did not prove moral estimated model during the study period, it turns out that more months, producer of nitrogen fertilizer is the month of July, while more months productive phosphate fertilizer It is the month of August, and I have their effect moral proven to increase the quantities produced which indicates that production is after periods needs of farmers and not before. Thus, the research recommended the need for companies to produce the quantities needed by the farmers at the times needed by the farmers, and in quantities appropriate so as to eliminate the recurrent crises of chemical fertilizers in Egypt.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
47
v.
2
no.
2016
88
97
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_512_bc24db257798d47a5422491960eb8913.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2016.512
The Role of NGOs in the Economic Empowerment of Women in the Development of Community Participation in Rural Assiut Governorate
text
article
2016
eng
The current research deals with the importance of the role played by women in society in general and the rural community in particular. It shows that the role of rural women must be strengthened by providing them with capabilities that enable them to participate in their community development through community- Non-governmental organizations, being closest to the members of the community and knowing their needs and problems. Therefore, it was necessary to recognize the role played by Non-governmental organizations in women's economic capacity development in the countryside of Assiut Governorate. From the main objective some sub-goals emerge to figure out the role of NGOs in training of rural women on some crafts, employing girls, edificating women and helping them in establishing small businesses, and marketing their products through exhibitions.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
47
v.
2
no.
2016
98
104
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_513_3ea7d8c2ecde65fa3f9243ffa73812a9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2016.513
Towards Decentralization in local Rural Units in Menya Governorate: Challenges and Constraints
text
article
2016
eng
This research has been conducted to identify the challenges that hinder applying decentralization in local units of rural Minya Governorate. In addition, the study defines different types of local administration systems in Egypt in terms of the problems they face and mechanisms to overcome such problems. Moreover, the study analyzes various dimensions of decentralization and distinguishes between advantages and disadvantages of its application.
The study has applied the descriptive analytical research method. A sample of 60 respondents was randomly chosen from six village local units of Minya Governorate. Respondents of study are heads and/or associates of village local units.
The statistical analysis of data has been processed using SPSS. Percentages and frequencies have been used for descriptive analysis. Mann-Whitney test has also been used to check the significance differences between those who tend to accept decentralization and those who want centralization. Pearson simple correlation coefficient and Step-wise analysis were used to explain the discrepancy in the three investigated aspects of decentralization.
Followings are the important findings of study:
1. The percentage of respondents who prefer the decentralized management system at village local unit is 41.7% against 58.3 percent prefer centralization.
2. The most majority of respondents (91.7%) prefer the decentralized strategy of village local units.
3. Financial decentralization of village local units is the preferred option by 58.3% of total respondents.
4. Using the Mann-Whitney test shows statistically significant differences at 0.01 level between those who want to apply centralization and those who tend to decentralization of the respondents in terms of management strategy and financial affairs of village local units.
It is concluded that the heads of village local units and associates prefer decentralization both in terms of the development of the local unit strategy and management of financial affairs while more than half of them prefer centralization in local administration.
Using Pearson simple correlation coefficient shows significant correlation relationships between the independent variables and the followings:
1. Desired management of the local unit at 0.05 level of significance in terms of the variables of age, marital status, family size and financial constraints.
2. Desired strategy of the local unit at 0.05 level of significance in terms of the variables of marital status and administrative obstacles, and at 0.01 level of significance in terms of the variables of age, the importance of decentralization and organizational obstacles.
3. Desired financial affairs at 0.05 level of significance for the variables of age, marital status, income and organizational obstacles, and at 0.01 level of significance in terms of the variables of work experience and the importance of decentralization.
To interpret the total variation of respondents’ viewpoints towards decentralization, Step-wiseanalys is proves that:
1. Significantly correlated variables of income, openness and organizational constraints help explain 16.8% of total disparity of change in the desired level of management at 0.05 level of significance.
2. The variables of age and income that are significantly correlated help explain 22.8% of the disparity of change in strategy of local unit at 0.01 level of significance.
3. The variables of age and the relationship of the local unit to other organizations help explain 22.8% of the disparity of change in decision making on financial affairs at 0.01 level of significance.
Followings are some of recommendations by study:
1. It is necessary to have a viable legislative structure that supports decentralization.
2. The current Law No. 43 of 1979 should be replaced by new one to be in line with desired decentralization.
3- Authorities granted to village local units need to be reconsidered in order to enhance their ability to manage public facilities in rural areas.
4. Much work should be devoted to increase the financial resources of village local units to achieve sustainable development.
5- It is important to enrich the administrative efficiency and prepare qualified human resources to carry out administrative work in decentralized manner.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
47
v.
2
no.
2016
105
118
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_514_26a53d1b2b205a8ac786a83606115e94.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2016.514
Line X Tester Analysis and Heterosis in Grain Sorghum Hybrids Un-der Water Stress Conditions
text
article
2016
eng
Twenty five F1 grain sorghum crosses, its parents (five female lines and five male lines) and one commercial hybrid (Shandaweel-6) as check were evaluated for yield and four other characters in 2010 and 2011 seasons at Shandaweel Res. Station under two levels of irrigation (100% and 40% ET). The obtained data showed significant or highly significant differences between years, irrigation treatments and among genotypes for all studied traits except between years for 1000-grain weight. The interactions years × genotypes, irrigation × genotypes and year × irrigation × genotypes were highly significant for all studied traits except for No. of green leaves. Also, the interaction years × irrigation was significant for plant height and 1000-grain weight. Highly significantdifferences among crosses, and parents for all studied traits were obtained in two seasons, except for No. of green leaves in 2011 season. Mean squares due to parents vs.
Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-0486
47
v.
2
no.
2016
13
38
https://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/article_264961_ad68f70ae46b24c583e96096025fe852.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajas.2013.264961